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Chapter 5
The Human Body: An Orientation
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abdominal cavity | located in the ventral cavity, holds the organs of the digestive and urinary system |
| anterior or venteral | front side of the body |
| blood system | includes blood and all its components |
| body cavity | spaces that hold organs |
| cardiovascular system | includes the heart and blood vessels, which pump and transport blood throughout the body, carry nutrients to and removing wast from tissues |
| cell | smallest element in the body, entire body is made up of cells |
| connective tissue | fibrous substance that hold and connects body parts together (bones, ligaments, and tendons) |
| coronal plane (frontal) | line that divides the body into anterior and posterior positions |
| cranial cavity | located in the dorsal cavity, holds the brain |
| deep | through or away from the surface |
| diaphragm | muscle that seperates the thoracic and abdominal cavity |
| digestive system | consists of the organs that digest and excrete waste |
| distal | away from the point of attachment (distal end of thighbone forms the knee) |
| dorsal cavity | located on the back side of body |
| endocrine system | system that includes the glands that secrete the hormones that regulate many of the body's activities |
| epigastric region | area above the stomach |
| epithelial tissue | covers the internal and external surfaces. (skin, intestines) |
| hypochondriac regions | the two regions just below the cartilage of the ribs, immediately over the abdomen |
| hypogastric region | area just below the umbilical region |
| iliac or inguinal regions | are the two regions near the upper portion of the hip bone |
| inferior | below another structure |
| integumentary system | consists of the skin and the accessory structures (hair, nails, sweat and oil glands) |
| left lower quadrant (LLQ) | abdominal area that contains parts of the intestines and parts of reproductive organs in females |
| left upper quadrant (LUQ) | area of the abdomen that contains the stomach, spleen, and parts of the liver, pancreas, and intestines |
| lumbar regions | the left and right regions of the body in the back and sides between the lowest ribs and the pelvis |
| lymphatic and immune system | include the lymph, the glands and vessels of the lymphatic system, and the nonspecific and specific defenses of the immune system |
| medial | middle (as the nose is to the eyes) |
| midsagittal plane | imaginary line that divides the body into equal left and right halves |
| muscle tissue | able to contract and expand, allowing the body to move |
| musculoskeletal system | supports the body, protects the organs, provides movement, and includes muscles, bones, and cartilage. |
| nervous system | regulates most body activities and sends and receives messages from the sensory organs |
| nervous tissue | carries messages to and from the brain and spinal cord from all parts of the body |
| organ | groups of tissue that work together to perform a specific function |
| posterior or dorsal | back side of the body |
| pelvic cavity | bottom portion of the abdominal cavity, contains the reproductive system |
| prone | lying on their abdomen with their faces down |
| proximal | near the point of attachment to the trunk (the proximal end of the thighbone joints the hip bone) |
| reproductive system | system that controls reproduction and heredity and is either male or female |
| respiratory system | includes the lungs and airways, and performs breathing |
| right lower quadrant (RLQ) | abdominal area that contains the appendix, parts of the intestines, and parts of the reproductive organs in females |
| right upper quadrant (RUQ) | area of the abdomen that contains parts of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and intestinal tract |
| sagittal or lateral plane | is parallel to the medial plane and divides the body into left and right sections |
| sensory system | covers the eyes and ears and those parts of other systems that are involved in the reactions of the five senses |
| spinal cavity | located in the dorsal cavity, holds the spinal cord |
| superficial | at or near the surface |
| superior | above another structure |
| supine | lying on spine, facing upward |
| system | groups of organs that work together to perform one of the body's functions |
| thoracic cavity | located in the ventral cavity, holds the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels |
| tissue | a group of cells that work together to perform a single function (body has 4 types of tissue) |
| transverse plane (cross-sectional) | imaginary line that intersects the body horizontally and divides the body into upper and lower sections |
| umbilical region | area surrounding the navel |
| urinary system | eliminates metabolic waste, helps to maintain acid-base and water-salt balance, helps regulate blood pressure (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra) |
| ventral cavity | located on the front side of body |
| lateral | to the side (as the eyes are to the nose) |
Created by:
BrandiAnderson94
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