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Ch 1 Vocab. AP Geo
Vocabulary for chapter 1 of The cultural landscape an intro. to human geography
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abiotic | composed of nonliving or inorganic matter |
| Atmosphere | thin layer of gases surrounding the Earth |
| Biosphere | all living organisms on Earth |
| Biotic | composed of living organisms |
| Cartography | science of map making |
| Climate | long-term average weather condition at a particular location |
| Concentration | spread of something over a given area |
| Connection | relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space |
| Conservation | the sustainable management of a natural resource |
| Contagious diffusion | rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population |
| Cultural ecology | geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships |
| Cultural landscape | fashioning of a natural landscape to a cultural group |
| Culture | body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group's distinct tradition |
| Density | frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area |
| Diffusion | process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time |
| Distance decay | diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin |
| Distribution | arrangement of something across Earth's surface |
| Ecology | scientific study of ecosystems |
| Ecosystem | group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact |
| Environmental determinism | 19th- & early 20th-century approach to the study of geography which argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was study of physical environment effects on human activities |
| Expansion diffusion | spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process |
| Formal region (or uniform or homogenous region) | area in which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics |
| Functional region (or nodal region) | area organized around a node or local point |
| Geographic information science (GIScience) | development and analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies |
| Geographic information system (GIS) | computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data |
| Global Positioning System (GPS) | system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers |
| Globalization | Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope |
| Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) | time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0º longitude |
| Hearth | region from which innovative ideas originate |
| Hierarchical diffusion | spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places |
| Housing bubble | rapid increase in the value of houses followed by a sharp decline in their value |
| Hydrosphere | all of the water on and near Earth's surface |
| International Date Line | Arc that for the most part follows 180º longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross heading east(toward Americas), the clock moves back 1 day. When you go west(towards Asia) the clock moves ahead 1 day |
| Latitude | numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator |
| Lithosphere | Earth's crust and a portion of upper manlte directly below the crust |
| Location | position of anything on Earth's surface |
| Longitude | numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian |
| Map | two-dimensional representation of Earth's surface or portion of it |
| Map scale | relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface |
| Mental map | representation of a portion of Earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impresssions of what is in the place and where the place is located |
| Meridian | arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles |
| Network | chain of communication that connects places |
| Nonrenewable resource | something produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans |
| Parallel | circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians |
| Pattern | geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area |
| Place | specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic |
| Polder | Land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area |
| Possibilism | theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives |
| Preservation | maintenance of resources in their prsent condition, with as little human impact as posssible |
| Prime meridian | meridian designated as 0º longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England |
| Projection | system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map |
| Region | area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features |
| Regional (or cultural landscape) studies | approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area |
| Relocation diffusion | spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another |
| Remote sensing | acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long-distance methods |
| Renewable resource | something produced in nature more rapidly than it's consumed by humans |
| Resource | substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to acces, and is socially acceptable to use |
| Scale | Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole |
| Site | physical characteristic of a place |
| Situation | location of a place relative to another place |
| Space | physical character of a place |
| Space-time continuum | reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communication and transportation systems |
| Stimulus diffusion | spread of an underlying principle even though a specific characteristic is rejected |
| Sustainability | use of Earth's renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future |
| Toponym | name given to a portion of Earth's surface |
Created by:
ivanderzon17
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