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Anthropology Test #2

QuestionAnswer
Be able to give at least 2 ethnic markers. 1.collective name 2.language 3.religion 4.clothing 5.food 6.nation of origin
Understand the principle of multiculturalism and how it operates. Multiculturalism is the belief that cultural diversity is desirable and beneficial to a society and it encourages maintenance and is a display of ethnic traditions.
Understand the dangers of nationalism, including the terms "genocide" and "ethnic cleansing". Genocide is intentional killing, while ethnic cleansing is the removal.
Know the difference between sex and gender. Sex is the physical differences, while gender is defining the proper social roles.
Know the 4 ways to determine sex. 1.anatomically 2.genetically 3.hormonally 4.skeletally
Understand the concept of alternative gender roles and be able to give an example. Alternative gender roles are socially sanctioned gender roles beyond male/female dichotomy. An example is Berdache.
Know the characteristics of Berdache. They usually dress in cross-gendered clothing. Their work and/or skills are appropriate to the opposite sex. They are often tasked with handling dead bodies. They have same- sex relationships, but with non-berdache.
Know Foucault's theory of sexuality. Sexuality is not a biological construct but was developed and continues to develop through human sexual interaction. Sexuality is constrained, defined, manipulated, and resisted through discourse. Discourse is governed by the network of powers.
Be able to give two examples of cultural regulations of sex/sexuality. 1.premarital sex 2.Sex in marriage 3. Extra-marital Sex 4. Homosexuality
Know the American Descent System; Kinship Classification System; and Marital Residence Pattern The American descent system is bilateral. The kinship classification system is Inuit. The Marital residence pattern is neolocal.
Know at least 2 of the rights that marriage confers. 1. Establish the legal parentage of children. 2. Gives either or both spouses a monopoly on sexuality of other. There are more.
Be able to distinguish between parallel cousins and cross cousins. Parallel: the children of two brothers or two sisters Cross: the children of a brother and a sister
Know the basics of the 4 theories of incest, including the shortcomings of each. 1."instinctive horror": biologically-based oversion to sex with ones close kin 2."biological degeneration": offspring produced from close kin exhibited more genetic abnormalities, including infertility
More on incest theories 3."attempt and contempt": children naturally did not have sexual feelings for those they are in close contact with. Sex with in family transgressed familial roles & was potentially destabilizing.
one more incest theory 4. Alliance Formation: required families to build and maintain important external ties
Be able to give at least one trend in families and marriage over the last 40 years. 1.The amount of couples married with children has decreased. 2. The number of single-father families has increased. 3.The number of single-mother families has more than doubled.
Know the 3 dimensions of social stratification. 1.wealth 2.power 3.prestige
Know the 4 basic subsistence strategies. 1. Foraging 2. Horticulture 3. Pastoralism 4. Agriculture
Know the 3 economic processes. 1.Production 2.Distribution 3.Consumption
Know the 3 functions of distribution. 1.satisfaction of physical needs 2.status enhancement 3.alliance formation
Know the 3 types of distribution. 1.reciprocity 2.redistribution 3.market exchange
Know the 3 types of reciprocity. 1.generalized 2.balanced 3.negative
Be able to describe the characteristics of a state. huge; big population; use force; centralized government
Understand the difference between Neoliberalist capitalism and Keynesian capitalism. Neoliberalist: invisible; private Keynesian: public; promoting
Be able to describe World System Theory, including the 3 levels of power and how they operate. 1.Core: strongest and most powerful nations 2.Semi-periphery: intermediate position; some power 3.Periphery: least privileged and powerful.
Created by: Jess882
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