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Chapter 20 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| anesthetic | a drug that prevents pain during surgery |
| enclosure | the process of taking over and fencing of land formerly shared by peasant farmers |
| smelt | to separate iron from its ore |
| capital | wealth to invest in enterprises such as shipping, mines, railroads, and factories |
| factories | places that brought together workers and machines to produce large quantities of food |
| turnpikes | privately built roads that charged a fee to travelers who used them |
| urbanization | the movement of people to cities |
| tenements | multistory buildings divided into crowded apartments |
| labor unions | worker's organizations |
| utilitarianism | the idea that the goal of society should be "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" of its citizens |
| socialism | people as a whole rather than private individuals own all property and operate all businesses |
| means of production | the farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produced and distributed goods |
| communism | a form of socialism that sees class struggle between employers and employees as unavoidable |
| proletariat | working class |