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Ocular Diseases # 13
Questions Surgical and Microbiolody
Question | Answer |
---|---|
A small incisional cataract surgery with IOL is called? This usually happens in the posterior chamber. | Phacoemulsification |
______________ lenses are usually placed within the capsular bag for better fixation. If this is not possible, then can be placed in the ciliary sulcus. | Intraocular |
What are the two types of IOLs? | Posterior and Anterior |
What used to be performed to prevent sympathetic ophthalmia? | Enucleation |
What is sympathetic ophthalmia? | A bilateral diffuse severe uveitis following trauma to one eye. Can leave both eyes blind. Now prevented with steriods. |
What is enucleation? | Removal of the entire globe. |
What is evisceration? | Removal of contents of the globe, leaving sclera intact to enclose synthetic ball. |
After you put a sample on an agar tube, plate ,or in a broth solution you must do what to promote growth? | Incubate at 37 degrees Celsius |
What is the liquid medium containing beef extract and peptone? | Nutrient broth |
What is the solid media containing beef extract, peptone, and agar? | Nutrient agar |
Agar is a complex polysaccharide and provides a framework for what? | Holds moisture and nutrients. Allows microbe growth. |
What is the process called where you can place different antibiotic discs on agar plates to determine bacterial resistance? | Culture and Sensitivity |
What happens with a C&S? | Ring of inhibition of growth of microbe will show sensitivity to the antibiotic. If there is no ring of inhibition the bacteria is resistant to the antibiotic. |
What is a C&S used for? | Allows physician to pick the best antibiotic for that species of bacteria. |
What type of stain is used most commonly for bacteria identification? | Gram Stain |
What are the types of stains used to identify bacteria? | Gram stain, Methylene blue, Crystal Violet, KOH (potassium hydroxide- for fungi). |
How do you determine a positive and a negative gram stain? | A positive gram stain is purple and a negative is red. |
What are endospores? | They are the killers. They are resting dormant cells produced by gram + genera. They are the hardiest of all life forms. |
How long can endospores live? | They are on the verge of immortal, living 250 million years. |
What doesn't kill endospores? | Extremes in heat, drying, freezing, radiation, and chemicals |
What DOES kill endospores? | Pressurized steam at 120 degrees Celsius for 20-30 minutes (autoclave sterilization). |
What are the three shapes of bacteria? | Cocci, Bacilli, and Spiral |
What are some characteristics of cocci bacteria? | Spherical/ Staphylococci- most common cause of lid infections (gram+) |
What are some characteristics of bacilli bacteria? | Rod-shaped / Pseudomonas- contaminant of fluorescein |
What are some characteristics of spiral bacteria? | helical, comma, twisted rod, spirochete / syphilis- cornea, retina involvement |
What are Rickettsia's? | Very tiny gram negative bacteria. Most are pathogens that alternate between mammals and fleas, lice, or ticks. |
What are some characteristics of Rickettsia's? | Obligated intracellular pathogens/ cannot survive or multiply outside of a host cell / cannot carry out metabolism on their own. |
What are some examples of Rickettsia's? | Pickettsia prowazekii -Epidemic typhus / Rickettsia rickettsia - Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
What are mycoplasmas? | Smallest bacteria / range in shape from filamentous to coccus or doughnut shaped / atypical pneumonia in humans/ TB |
What is used to diagnose mycoplasmas (TB)? | PPD skin test |
What is a pathogenic bacteria most commonly associated with STD's and neonatal conjunctivitis? | Chlamydia |
What type of blood tests are used to diagnose syphilis, RA, immune disorders, and antinuclear antibodies? | Serological tests |