click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PFT_Terms_Chapter04
Question | Answer |
---|---|
aerobic | needing oxygen to survive |
aminoglycoside | a class of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by binding to ribosomal subunits; commonly used to treat serious infections |
anaerobic | capable of surviving in the absence of oxygen |
antibiotic | a chemical substance with the ability to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria by interfering with bacteria life processes |
antiseptic | a substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms on the outside of the body |
arrthythmia | variation in heartbeat, irregular heartbeat |
bacteria | small, single-celled microorganisms that exist in three main forms: spherical (i.e., cocci), rod shaped (i.e., bacilli), and spiral (i.e., spirilla) |
bactericidal agent | a drug that kills bacteria |
bacteriostatic agent | a drug that inhibits the growth or multiplication of bacteria |
broad-spectrum antibiotic | an antibiotic that is effective against multiple organisms |
cephalosporin | a class of antibiotics with a mechanism of action similar to that of penicillins, but with a different antibacterial spectrum, resistance to beta-lactamase, and pharmacokinetics; divided into first-, second-, third-, and fourth-generation agents |
chelation | combination of an organic molecule such as a drug with a metal in complexes in which the metal ion is part of a ring |
community-acquired | contracted outside of the hospital |
cyclic lipopeptide | a new class of antibiotics that bind to bacterial membranes and cause the cell membrane to depolarize, thus leading to an inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis |
disinfectant | an agent that frees inanimate objects from infection |
D5W | dextrose 5% in water |
empirical treatment | treatment begun before a definite diagnosis can be obtained |
Gram staining | a staining technique that divides bacteria into gram-positive (purple) or gram-negative (red) based on the properties of their cell walls |
hypotension | low blood pressure |
infection | a condition in which bacteria grow in body tissues and cause tissue damage to the host either by their presence or by toxins they produce |
ketolide | a class of antibiotics that block protein synthesis by binding to ribosomal subunits and may also inhibit the formation of new ribosomes; used primarily to treat bacterial infections in the lungs and sinuses |
macrolide | a class of bacteriostatic antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis by combining with ribosomes; used primarily to treat pulmonary infections caused by Legionella and gram-positive organisms |
nephrotoxicity | ability to damage the kidneys |
nosocomial | acquired by patients in the hospital |
NS | normal saline |
ophthalmic | to be used in the eye |
otic | to be used in the ear |
ototoxicity | ability to damage the organs of hearing |
penicillin | a class of antibiotics obtained from Penicillium chrysogenum; kill bacteria by preventing them from forming a rigid cell wall, thereby allowing an excessive amount of water to enter through osmosis and cause lysis of the bacterium cell |
pH | a measurement of acidity or alkalinity. pH 7 is neutral; a solution with a pH above 7 is alkaline; a solution with a pH below 7 is acidic |
quinolone | a class of antibiotics with rapid bactericidal action against most gram-negative and many gram-positive bacteria; work by causing DNA breakage and cell death; cross the blood-brain barrier |
sepsis | a systemic inflammatory response to infection resulting from blood-borne infections |
Stevens-Johnson syndrome | a sometimes fatal form of erythema multiforme (an allergic reaction marked by red blotches on the skin) |
streptogramin | one of a class of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis within the bacterial ribosomes; useful in the treatment of vancomycin- and methicillin-resistant infections |
sulfonamides | sulfa drugs; a class of bacteriostatic antibiotics that work by blocking a specific step in the biosynthetic pathway of folic acid in bacteria |
superinfection | a new infection complicating the course of therapy of an existing infection |
tetracyclines | a class of broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotics that are produced by soil organisms and inhibit protein synthesis by binding to bacterial ribosomes |