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05.6 Gastroentero
Terms and conditions of the Gastroenterology unit.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| albumin | the major protein molecule in the blood, produced by the liver |
| anus | the external opening of the rectum, located between the buttocks |
| benign | non-cancerous |
| bile | a yellow-green, bitter-tasting thick fluid produced by the liver, a combination of bile acids, mucus, fluid and 2 pigments |
| bile duct | ducts which transport bile from the liver to the duodenum, collectively known as the biliary tree |
| bilirubin | the yellow pigment in bile |
| biliverdin | the green pigment in bile |
| cardia | small area where the esophagus enters the stomach |
| cecum | a short sac-like portion of the large intestine |
| Crohn | a type of inflammatory bowel disease |
| chime | partially digested food, saliva, and digestive enzymes in the stomach and small intestine |
| colon | the longest part of the large intestine, traveling through all four quadrants of the abdomen |
| diverticulum | weakness in the wall of the colon where the mucosa forms a pouch or tube. |
| duodenum | a 10-inch C-shaped segment beginning at the stomach and ending after the jejunum |
| elimination | undigested materials and water are eliminated from the body in a solid waste form |
| emesis | the expelling of food from the stomach through the mouth |
| enema | liquid instilled into the rectum and colon |
| enzymes | proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body |
| esophagus | a flexible, muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach |
| feces | (also stool) formed, solid waste composed of undigested material, bacteria, and water that is eliminated from the body |
| flatus | gas produced by bacteria that inhabit the large intestine |
| fundus | rounded, most superior part of the stomach |
| gallbladder | a teardrop-shaped, dark green sac posterior to the liver which concentrates and stores bile from the liver |
| gluten | a mixture of insoluble plant proteins occurring in cereal grains, chiefly corn and wheat, used as an adhesive and as a flour substitute. |
| gravidarum | pregnancy |
| haustra | pouches in the wall of the large intestine that expand to accommodate the bulk of undigested materials |
| hernia | weakness in the muscle of the diaphragm or abdominal wall. The intestine bulges through the defect. |
| ileum | a 12-foot segment of the small intestine where absorption of nutrients is completed |
| ileus | abnormal absence of peristalsis in the small and large intestines |
| intestine | the lower part of the alimentary canal, extending from the pylorus to the anus |
| jejunum | the 8-foot, second part of the small intestine which twists and turns in the abdominal cavity |
| liver | a large, dark, red-brown organ located in the upper abdomen |
| lumen | open channel inside a tubular structure such as the esophagus, small intestine, and large intestine |
| omentum | an extension of the peritoneum which supports the stomach and hangs down as a fatty apron to cover and protect the small intestine |
| meconium | a thick, sticky, green-to-black waste that is passed after birth |
| melena | dark, tar-like feces that contains digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach |
| mesentery | a thick fan-shaped extension of the peritoneum, which supports the jejunum and ileum |
| mucosa | mucous membrane that lines the gastrointestinal system and produces mucus |
| nausea | an unpleasant, queasy feeling in the stomach that precedes the urge to vomit |
| pancreas | a yellow, lumpy gland posterior to the stomach which secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum |
| palate | the hard bone and posterior soft tissues that form the roof of the mouth |
| patent | open |
| pedunculated | having a thin stalk that supports an irregular, ball-shaped top |
| peritoneum | a double-layer serous membrane , one lining the abdominopelvic cavity, the other surrounds each of the organs |
| pharynx | the passageway for food as well as inhaled and exhaled air |
| polyp | small, fleshy benign or precancerous growth in mucosa |
| pyloris | one of four regions of the stomach |
| rectum | a short, straight segment of colon that connects to the outside of the body |
| reflux | a flowing back; regurgitation |
| rugae | thick, deep folds of gastric mucosa that expand as the stomach fills with food |
| saliva | a lubricant that moistens food as it is chewed and swallowed, also containing an enzyme that begins digestion |
| sessile | a mound with a broad base |
| sigmoid | the last portion of the colon which bends toward the midline and joins the rectum |
| stool | (also feces) a solid waste form of undigested materials and water |
| sphincter | a muscular ring |
| stoma | an artificial permanent opening especially in the abdominal wall made in surgical procedures |
| ulcer | erosion of tissue |
| uvula | fleshy hanging part of soft palate, plays a role in speech and during swallowing |
| varix, varices | swollen, protruding vein(s) |
| villi | small, thin structures that project into an area, in the small intestine they increase the surface area to maximize absorption of food and nutrients through the intestinal wall into the blood. |
Created by:
vikingmedterm
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