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PFT_Terms_Chapter6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| addiction | a compulsive disorder that leads to continued use of a drug despite harm to the user |
| afferent system | the nerves and sense organs that bring information to the CNS; part of the peripheral nervous system |
| alpha receptors (alpha-adrenergic receptors) | nerve receptors that control vasoconstriction, pupil dilation, and relaxation of the GI smooth muscle in response to epinephrine |
| amide | a compound containing a -CONH- group; a longer-acting local anesthetic that is metabolized by liver enzymes |
| analgesic | a drug that alleviates pain |
| analgesic ladder | a guideline for selecting pain-relieving medications according to the severity of the pain and whether agents lower on the ladder have been able to control the pain |
| anesthesiologist | a physician who oversees administration of anesthesia during surgery |
| antagonists | drugs used to reverse the effects of other drugs, such as in treatment of benzodiazepine or narcotic overdoses |
| anticholinesterase | a drug that potentiates the action of acetylcholine by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which breaks acetylcholine down |
| aura | a subjective sensation or motor phenomenon that precedes and marks the onset of amigraine headache |
| autonomic nervous system (ANS) | the part of the efferent system of the PNS that regulates activities of body structures not under voluntary control |
| beta-1 receptors | nerve receptors on the heart that control the rate and strength of the heartbeat in response to epinephrine |
| beta-2 receptors | nerve receptors that control vasodilation and relaxation of the smooth muscle of the airways in response to epinephrine |
| central nervous system (CNS) | the brain and spinal cord |
| dependence | a physical and emotional reliance on a drug |
| efferent system | the nerves that dispatch information out from the CNS; part of the peripheral nervous system |
| endotracheal intubation | insertion of a tube into the trachea to keep it open |
| ester | a compound containing a -COO- group; a short-acting local anesthetic, metabolized by pseudocholinesterase of the plasma and tissue fluids |
| general anesthesia | a condition characterized by reversible unconsciousness, analgesia, skeletal muscle relaxation, and amnesia on recovery |
| local anesthesia | the production of transient and reversible loss of sensation in a defined area of the body |
| malignant hyperthermia | a rare, but serious, side effect of anesthesia associated with an increase in intracellular calcium and a rapid rise in body temperature |
| migraine headache | a severe, throbbing, unilateral headache, usually accompanied by nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and hyperesthesia |
| narcotic analgesic | pain medication containing an opioid |
| neuromuscular blocking | skeletal muscle paralysis |
| neuron | a nerve cell that transmits information |
| neurotransmitter | a chemical substance that is selectively released from a neuron and stimulates or inhibits activity in the neuron's target cell |
| nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) | a drug such as aspirin or ibuprofen that reduces pain and inflammation |
| opiate | a narcotic that is either derived from opium or synthetically produced to resemble opium derivatives chemically |
| opioid | a substance, whether a drug or a chemical naturally produced by the body, that acts on opioid receptors to reduce the sensation of pain |
| pain | the electrical activity in afferent neurons with sensory endings in peripheral tissue with a higher threshold than those of temperature or touch; a signal to warn of damage or presence of disease; the fifth vital sign; classified as acute, chronic nonmali |
| patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump | a means of pain control whereby the patient can regulate, within certain limits, the administration of pain medication |
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) | the nerves and sense organs outside the CNS |
| somatic nervous system | the part of the efferent system of the PNS that regulates the skeletal muscles |
| vascular theory | a theory that proposes that migraine headaches are caused by vasodilation and the concomitant mechanical stimulation of sensory nerve endings |
Created by:
softcrylic
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