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History Final
Ms. Hughes' World History Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Treaty of Kanagawa | Opened Japanese ports to the US |
| French Indochina | Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia |
| Role of the US in the Panama uprising against Columbia | Supported uprising |
| Sepoys | Indian soldiers who fought in the British army |
| Imperialism | The process of one people ruling over another |
| Leopold II | King of Belgium; assumed the title of sovereign of the Congo Free State; treated the Congolese brutally |
| Benito Juarez | Overthrew Santa Anna; reduced power of Catholic Church and military; started civil war |
| Raj | Era of British rule in India |
| Muslim League | Founded in 1906 by Muslim leaders that sought to protect Muslim interests; goal was to eliminate British rule; minority |
| Boxer Rebellion | A siege of a foreign settlement in Beijing by Chinese nationalists who were angry at foreign involvement in China; began in 1899 when rebels attacked missionaries and Chinese converts to Christianity |
| British East India Company | A trading company that ruled in India in the name of Britain; controlled trade in India and East Asia; involved in politics |
| Suez Canal | Egyptian waterway connecting the Mediterranean and the Red Seas; built by the Franco-Egyptian Company; Britain took control of the canal |
| Sino-Japanese War | Between China and Japan over Korea; Japan's victory symbolizes its successful modernization |
| Open-door policy | Allows free trade in European ports in China |
| Taiping Rebellion | Revolt against Qing dynasty; 20 million died; led by Hong Xiuquan who wanted to create a "Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace"; worst peasant rebellion ever |
| Sepoy Mutiny | A rebellion in 1857 by sepoys that refused to use a new type of British rifle for religious reasons; led to direct transfer of control to Britain |
| Monroe Doctrine | Forbids European colonization in the Americas |
| "Jewel In The Crown" | India in the British Empire |
| Role of US in the Mexican Revolution | Supported the Mexican government |
| Panama Canal | Result of US support of an uprising against Columbia |
| Decline of the Mughal Empire | The British East India Company manipulated the Mughal rulers into chaos and then took over |
| Four counties which carved out spheres of influence in China in the late 19th century | Britain, France, US, and Russia |
| Effect of the reforms of Japan's Meiji era | Japan became a modern industrialized nation |
| Motives for the "Scramble for Africa" | Raw materials, rivalry, Social Darwinism |
| Important raw material from India following the Civil War in the US | Cotton |
| Country that controlled the spice trade in the 1600s and 1700s | Britain |
| The main political motive for the new European imperialism in Africa | Nationalism |
| Emperor of Ethiopia who modernized his army and defeated the Italians at the Battle of Adwa | Menelik II |
| Siam | The only Southeast Asian country to retain its independence in the 1800s |
| Portugal | The first European country to seize land in Africa |
| Military advantages | Major factor that allows European nations to extend their control over Asia and Africa after 1800 |
| Reason why Britain began exporting opium to China | To balance trade |
| Reason why Britain occupied Egypt in 1882 | Suez Canal |
| Indian National Congress | The first Indian nationalist organization founded in 1885; made of mostly English-speaking Hindu majority; goal is to eliminate British rule |
| Swadeshi | Boycott of British goods that lasted from 1905 to 1908 |
| Colony | A territory governed by a foreign power |
| Protectorate | A territory that had its own government but is controlled by a foreign power |
| Sphere of influence | A territory in which a country claims exclusive political or economic rights |
| Opium Wars | Between Britain and China over illegal opium sales by British merchants; China lost |
| Sun Yixian | Believed in democracy, nationalism, and "people's livelihood"; founded the Revolutionary Alliance in 1905 |
| Emperor Meiji | Emperor of Japan from 1867 to 1912; resulted imperial rule in Japan |
| Extraterritoriality | The right of citizens in another country to be tried in the courts of their native country |
| Unequal treaties | Trade treaties that China signed under threat of invasion; gave Western powers benefits |
| Sovereignty | Independent control of its government |
| Indemnity | Payment for losses in a war |
| Meiji Restoration | Emperor Meiji' s return to power |
| Russo-Japanese War | Between Japan and Russia over Korea and Manchuria; stalemate |
| Treaty of Nanjing | Opened five Chinese ports to western trade and granted extraterritoriality to British citizens; the first of the unequal treaties |
| Treaty of Portsmouth | Gave Japan ports and railroads in Manchuria |
| The only city Europeans could trade in in China | Guangzhou |
| Social Darwinism | Used survival of the fittest for races; used to justify imperialism and racism |
| Cecil Rhodes | Wanted to expand the British Empire and believed in the Anglo-saxon race |
| Berlin Conference | Meeting of European nations for rules on colonization of Africa |
| Shaka | Founder of the Zulu Empire; exterminated many clans and conquered most of South Africa |
| Roosevelt Corollary | US vow to use military might to keep Europeans out of the Americas |
| Yellow journalism | Sensationalist style of writing |
| Emilio Aquinaldo | Rebel leader in the Philippines who had contacted with US forces against the Spanish |
| Platt Amendment | Part of the constitution of Cuba that gave the US authority to intervene in Latin America |
| Jose Marti | Exiled poet and journalist who founded the Cuban Revolutionary Party |
| Francisco Madero | The 1910 presidential candidate who called for a revolution against the Diaz government |
| Francisco "Pancho" Villa | Rebel leader who attacked the US for supporting Carranza as president of Mexico |
| Emiliano Zapata | Led indigenous peasants in the call for land reforms |
| Porifiro Diaz | President and dictator of Mexico for a total of thirty years; ruled the people of Mexico harshly |
| Spanish-American War | Between Spain and US over the sinking of the USS Maine; the US won and gained Puerto Rico and Guam and purchased the Philippines for 20 million |
| Venustiano Carranza | Mexican revolutionary and politician; he led forces against Huerta in the Mexican Revolution |
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