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chapter10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anteroom | the area of the sterile compounding lab that is used for hand washing and garbing, staging of components, order entry, CSP labeling, and other high-particulate-generating activities |
| asepsis | the absence of pathogenic microorganisms |
| attenuated virus | a weakened virus contained in some vaccines as opposed to a live or inactive virus |
| autoclave | a device that generates heat and pressure to sterilize objects |
| bacterium | a small, single-celled microorganism that can exist in three main forms, depending on type: spherical (i.e., cocci), rod-shaped (i.e., bacilli), and spiral (i.e., spirochetes) |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | a governmental agency that provides guidelines and recommendations on health care, including infection control |
| clean room | an area that includes the staging areas and the LAFWs; also called the IV room or buffer area |
| compounded sterile preparation (CSP) | a sterile product that is prepared outside the pharmaceutical manufacturer's facility, typically in a hospital or compounding pharmacy |
| direct compounding area (DCA) | the sterile, compounding area of the LAFW, in which the concentration of airborne particles is controlled with a HEPA filter providing ISO Class 5 air quality |
| disinfectant | a chemical applied to an object or topically to the body for sterilization purposes, such as rubbing alcohol |
| epidemic | the occurrence of more cases of disease (such as the flu) than expected in a given area or among a specific group of people over a particular period |
| expiration date | the date after which a manufacturer's product should not be used |
| fungus | a single-celled organism similar to human cells that is marked by a rigid cell wall, reproduction by spores, and the absence of chlorophyll; feeds on living organisms (or on dead organic material) |
| germ theory of disease | the idea that microorganisms cause diseases |
| hand hygiene | the use of special dry, alcohol-based rinses, gels, or foams that do not require water |
| hand washing | the use of plain or antiseptic soap and water with appropriate time and technique |
| healthcare-associated infection (HAI) | an infection that a patient acquires as a result of treatment in a healthcare facility; also called a nosocomial infection |
| high-efficiency particulate airflow (HEPA) filter | a device used with LAFWs to filter out most particulate matter and to establish an aseptic environment in which to prepare parenteral products |
| horizontal laminar airflow workbench (LAFW) | a type of hood that is used to prepare IV drug admixtures, nutrition solutions, and other parenteral products aseptically |
| infection control committee (ICC) | a hospital committee that provides leadership in relation to infection control policies |
| International Organization for Standardization (ISO) | a classification system to measure the amount of particulate matter in room air; the lower the ISO number, the less particulate matter is present in the air |
| microbiology | the study of microorganisms |
| microorganism | a living microscopic organism or microbe such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, or virus |
| pandemic | an epidemic that occurs across several countries and affects a sizable portion of the population in each country |
| pasteurization | a sterilization process designed to kill most bacteria and mold in milk and other liquids |
| phlebitis | an inflammation of the veins often caused by microparticulate contamination |
| protozoan | a single-celled organism that inhabits water and soil |
| sharp | a used needle, which can be a source of infection |
| spontaneous generation | an erroneous belief in the seventeenth century that some forms of life could arise spontaneously from matter; for example, that maggots could arise from decaying flesh |
| stability | the chemical and physical characteristics of the CSP, such as pH, degradation, formation of precipitates (or salts), or unexpected color changes |
| sterility | the absence of all microorganisms |
| sterilization | a process that destroys the microorganisms on a substance |
| universal precautions | procedures followed in healthcare settings to prevent infection as a result of exposure to blood or other bodily fluids |
| USP Chapter 797 | guidelines on the sterility and stability of CSPs developed by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) that have become standards for hospital accreditation |
| vertical laminar airflow workbench (LAFW) | a type of hood that offers additional protection for both the sterile compounding technician and the environment when aseptically compounding toxic chemicals; examples include a biological safety cabinet and a compounding aseptic containment isolator |
| virus | a minute infectious agent that does not have all of the components of a cell and thus can replicate only within a living host cell |
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