Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bacterial STDs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Main reason for infertility in women ? | * PID = from bacteria from an STD |
| Classification Based on STD Symptoms ? | * Mucopurulent discharge - Chlamydia and Gono. Genital ulcers - Herpes...... Warts - HPV........ Pruritic lesions (mites or lice) - scabies ...... HIV symptoms |
| Neisseria general characteristics ? | * G - Diplococci.... * is fastideous, and grows on a choccolate agar..... * Oxidase + = aerobic ..... * + on CTA |
| Neisseria classification based on a CTA ? | * + glucose growth, and - with special agar, maltose, lactose, and sucrose |
| Clinical presentation ? | * purulent discharge, often asymptomatic so why it spreads, and dysuria |
| Epidemiology of Gono. ? | * increase after Vietnam war, infects more females than males, and 30% are carriers |
| Gono. rates by area/region ? | * higher in the South and Midwest |
| Gonococcal Infections Sx ? | * Urethritis --- Cervicitis --- Proctitis --- Pharyngitis --- Conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatarum)--- Epididymitis --- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) --- Arthritis (usu in larger joints) |
| Gono. Virulence factors ? | * Have Pili to attach .... * antigenic variations among the pili (lots of different pili types, so hard to get rid of naturally).... * Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) ...* have slip strain mispairing among OMP (outer mem. proteins) |
| One thing that Gono. does NOT have ? | * A Capsule |
| Gono. Pathogenesis ? | * get from sexual contact, and attaches due to their pili..... * invades nonciliated columnar epi mucus membranes and cause discharge.... * can spread in Bd to get arthritis..... * Damage due to inflam response |
| Gono. Immunity ? | * No immunity .... * can get repeat infections |
| Lab Diagnosis of Gono ? | * swab from cervix or urethra... * Don't refrigerate... * Make Gram Stains - men show G- with diplococci, women need to be confirmed with culture |
| Gono. Tmt = ? | * Ceftriaxone (3rd generation cephalosporin) plus Azithromycin or Doxycycline is recommended today..... * Use a Combo therapy |
| Gono. Prevention = ? | * safe sex, trace down contacts, treat partners, and screen high risk asymp. pts |
| Chlamydia basics ? | * see numerous neutrophils but no evidence of Gram-negative diplococci..... * Obligate intracellular parasites - unable to make ATP ....* Two Types: Elementary body: infectious -- Reticulate body: noninfectious |
| Chlamydia Classification ? | * Chlamydia trachomatis - strains ABC show Trachoma..... *Ones we see the most are strains D-K - nongono. urethritis |
| Chlamydia Pathogenesis ? | * attach to columnar epi cells -- * change from nonreplicating Reticulate bodies to Infectious Elementary Bodies.... * They then Lyse cell and spread Elementary Bodies |
| Diseases of C. trachomatis (A, B, & C) Blinding Trachoma ? | * See Chronic keratoconjunctivitis develops if untreated can progress to conjunctival and corneal scarring and eventual blindness... * eye lashes are trapped under eye lid.... * spread p to p by fomites, and seen usually in Africas and Mid. East |
| Lab Dx and DOC for ABC = ? | * Demonstation of chlamydial inclusions in conjunctival scrapings by Giemsa stain or DFA stain........ * Azithro. or a topical Tetracycline |
| Diseases of C. trachomatis (D-K) ? | * Most common reportable sexually transmitted disease in US..... * Males: urethritis ..... *Females: mucopurulent cervicitis, salpingitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease ..... * Neonate: inclusion conjunctivitis and pneumonia |
| Chlamydia Epidemiology ? | * 1 in 10 men have it, effects women more than men, women also more asymptomatic than in men, and has been steadily increasing..... * Regions: top in South and Midwest |
| Chlamydia and Dx and DOC ? | * Direct antigen testing by EIA or ELISA..... * top today = Nucleic acid amplification test (Gen-Probe Aptima 2) ..... * Doxy or Azithro. |
| Complications of Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Infections ? | * PID, increase infertility, spont. abortions, and ectopic preg. |
| Why teen girls are though to have a greater risk of infection ? | * Columnar epithelial cells from the endocervix are present on the ectocervix. Both gonorrhea and chlamydia preferentially infect these cells. |
| Diseases of C. trachomatis (L1, L2, and L3) ? | * Get Lymphogranuloma venereum ..... * see in africas and caribbean..... * form an ulcer on the genitalia and see lymph node blockage |
| Vaginitis basics ? | * Vaginal discharge and the associated vulvar itching are the most common reasons for a woman to seek gynecological care...... * See odor, itching, discharge, discomfort |
| Vaginitis infectious causes ? | * Bacterial vaginosis --- Candida vulvovaginosis --- Trichomoniasis |
| Vaginitis Lab Dx ? | * based on analysis of vaginal discharge, pH shift above 4..... * KOH Test - to see if Candida and see a fishy odor produced |
| Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): Diagnostic Criteria ? | * ph: above 4.5..... * thin vaginal discharge.... * release of fishy odor with KOH.... * see Clue Cells (tiny gram - dicplococci) different than normal Gram + normal flora |
| Etiologic agents of BV ? | * defined as a disruption of the ecology of the vaginal microflora and characterized by a shift in microbial species from Lactobacillus species to Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobic Gram -commensals |
| BV transmission ? | * Not sexually transmitted |
| Candida Vulvovaginitis basics ? | * Most common cause of non-bacterial Vaginitis .... * can get with risks such as DM,ABx Use, highe estrogen lvls, and immunosuppression |
| Candida Vulvovaginitis Cx presentation ? | * Vulvar pruritis, dysuria, Erythema of vulva and vag mucosa -- Edema of vulva -- May be little or no discharge -- Discharge when present is white, thick, adherent, & clumpy (curd-like) -- Little or no odor.....* Basically looks like vag thrush |
| Candida Vulvovaginitis DOC ? | * Metronidazle |
| Candida Vulvovaginitis etiology and patho. ? | * mostly from Candida albicans ...... * Pathogenesis – due to overgrowth of Candida → decreased vaginal pH |
| Diagnosing Vaginitis ? | * go in a get a Dx of the specimen... * Gram Stain to see which one is causing this |
| Vaginitis Tmt = ? | * Fluconazole (oral) -- Miconizole (topical) – Monistat -- Clotimazole (topical) – Gyne-Lotrimin |
| Trichomoniasis (Trichomonas vaginalis) basics ? | * Malodorous/Bad Odor, frothy discharge associated with burning, itching and chafing.....* Diffuse vaginal erythema |
| Tricho. Dx and Tmt = ? | * Dx = use a wet mount ....... * DOC: Metronidazle |
| Treponema General Characteristics ? (2ndary syph.) | * very thin G - rods that contain flagella at polar ends inside the membrane, and move by rotary/spinning... * have to see it in a dark field....* lack endotoxin |
| Treponema Classification ? | * Treponema pallidum --> Syphilis ..... * these are all non-STDs and seen in endemic areas |
| Syphilis basics ? | * classically STD, and even from mother to fetus..... * usu presents as single, non-painful genital ulcer (primary)..... * has several stages to ...* 2ndary = skin rash satge |
| Syphilis Epidemiology ? | * pretty low, but have seen a small increase due to homosexual sex in US..... * low incidence in WV, and high in South.....* One that we see More MALES infected for once, and in Af. Americans |
| Syphilis Staging ? | * primary exposure from another infected individual....* they multiply and cause and ulceration, and we get healing...* some after healing stops there forever....* Secondary = Skin lesions/rash.....* Tertiary = hypersens. RxN see Gumas and CNS involvement |
| Primary Syphilis ? | * Usually a single ulcer develops after ~3 weeks.....* painless....* non tmt = 1/2 go on to 2ndary |
| Secondary Syphilis ? | * usu a skin rash, on soles/palms.... * 2/3 develop latent syphilis |
| Tertiary Syphilis ? | * Develops in about 15-20% of latent syphilis cases ....... * Gummas develop in skin or other tissues, characterized by granuloma formation |
| Can cause warts that look like HPV ? | * Condylomata lata (not acuminata) – warts due to Treponema pallidum (secondary syphilis) |
| Syphilis Lab Dx ? | * Treponema pallidum cannot be grown in culture ..... * Direct visualization with a Wet mount - must use dark field microscopy |
| Syphilis Serology ? | * Serology – NONSPECIFIC = Wasserman antibody reacts on a RPR and VDRL Tests...... * If + tests , have to do a SPECIFIC Test to confirm = Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody (FTA) test |
| Syphilis TmT = ? | * DOC: Benzathine penicillin G |
| Syphilis Prevention ? | * condoms, treat contacts, serology at marriage/pregnancy |
| Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi) | * soft sore, tends to bleed easily..... * Lab Dx: "School of fish look" and gram Staining that needs a special media ...... * See in Africas and Caribbeans, so look for travel Hx |
| Ectoparasites = ? | * mites/bugs in pubic area ......* Pubic lice (Phthirus pubis) and Scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei) |
| Ectoparasite CxSx ? | * See itchy, red papules all over the pubic area due to burrowing in the skin..... * can see in between the fingers also |
| Ectoparasite Dx = ? | * Examine hair for nits/adult bugs for crabs ....* Scrappings + KOH Wet Mount for scabies (allows to dissolve cellular debry to see the bugs) |
| ** Look at the Chart in the Lec. for a good summary chart ** |
Created by:
thamrick800
Popular Medical sets