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Chapter 4
Chapter 4 Culture
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| artifact | object made by human beings |
| core | the zone of the greatest concentration or homogeneity of the culture traits that characterize a region |
| culture | the shared understandings that guide behavior and values and condition a group's perception of the world. it is learned from one generation to the next and evolves over time. |
| culture hearth | a center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread outward |
| custom | a repetitive act of a group performed to the extent that it becomes a characteristic |
| domain | outside the core of the culture region in which the culture is still dominate but less intense |
| environmental determinism | the view that the natural environment has a controlling influence over various aspects of human life, including cultural development, also referred to as environmentalism |
| folk culture | culture traditionally practiced by a small,homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups |
| habit | a repetitive act that a particular individual performs |
| material culture | the physical manifestations of human activities; includes tools, campsites, art and structures. the most durable aspects of culture |
| popular culture | culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics |
| possiblism | the theory that the physical may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives |
| region | an area characterized by similarity or by cohesiveness that sets it apart from other areas |
| taboo | a restriction on behavior imposed by social customs |
| acculturation | cultural changes of a society on contact with a different one |
| assimilation | the merging of cultural traits; the loss of original differentiating traits |
| cultural core/periphery pattern | the notion that as one region expands in economic prosperity, it must immerse outlying regions to ensure ongoing economic/political success |
| cultural ecology | the studies between a given society and its natural environment and it's inhabitants |
| cultural identity | ones belief in belonging to a group or certain cultural group |
| cultural landscape | portrays how humans have used and adopted natural resources over time; agriculture or settlement |
| cultural realm | entire region throughout which a culture exists |
| formal culture region | region marked by relative uniformity of characteristics |
| functional culture region | area organized around a focal point |
| vernacular culture region | area that people believe to exist as part of their cultural identity |
| difussion type | the process of the spread of a feature/trend from one place to another |
| expansion-diffusion | spread of a feature/trend among people from one area to another; snowballing process |
| hierarchical-diffusion | the spread of a feature/trend from one key person |
| contagious-diffusion | the rapid widespread diffusion of a feature/trend throughout a population |
| stimulus-diffusion | the spread of an underlying principle even though a specific characteristic is rejected |
| relocation-diffusion | the spread of a feature/trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another |
| innovation adoption | the study of how, why, and what rate new technology spreads throughout a culture |
| maladaptive diffusion | the diffusion of a process negative side effects or what works well in one region may not in another |
| sequent occupance | the general understanding that societies leave their "people" on a place each contributing to cultural landscape |
| adaptive strategies | society's system of economic production |
| characteristics | a distinguishing trait |
| built environment | a man-made surrounding that provides the setting for human activity |
| folk house | the housing stock predominantly reflects styles of building of the aboriginal residents |
| folk songs | the traditional songs of a cultural group |
| folklore | the body of expressive culture including tales, music, dances, legends, oral history, jokes, popular beliefs, customs, etc. |
| traditional architecture | folk culture homes and vernacular landscapes |
Created by:
dnabrown97
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