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Chapter 8
Nervous System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| olfactory cranial | sensory; smell |
| optic | sensory; vision |
| oculomotor | motor; movement of eyes |
| trochlear | motor; move eyes |
| trigeminal | sensory/motor; eyes, tear, scalp, forehead, lips, gums, teeth, muscle of mouth |
| abducen | motor; muscle conditioning |
| facial | sensory/motor; taste expression tear and salviary |
| vestibulocochlear | sensory;equilibrium, hearing |
| glossopharyngeal | sensory.motor; pharynx tonsils, tongue, |
| vagus | sensory/motor; speech swallowing heart/smooth muscles |
| accessory | motor; soft palate pharynx, larynx, neck, back |
| hypoglossal | motor; move tongue |
| acetylochoine | stimultaes cells |
| afferent neuro | sensory organs to cns |
| arachnoid | middle layer of meninges |
| astrocyte, astroglia | maintain nutrient and chemical levels in neurons |
| autonomic nervous system | pns, impulses from involuntary muscles |
| axon | conducts nerve impuls away from cell body |
| basal ganglia | gray matter within in cerebrum |
| brain | controls bodys functions |
| brainstem | 1/4 controls heart lung and visual functions |
| cell body | branches to reach out to send or recieve |
| cns | brain and spinal cord |
| cerebellum | 1/4 coordinates musculoskeletal system |
| cerebral cortex | outer portion of cerebrum |
| cerebrospinal | fluid throughout brain and spinal cord |
| cerebrum | 1/4 emotions, memory, conscious, morals, sensory interpretation |
| conducivity | abilitiy to transmit signal |
| convultions; gyri | folds in cerebral cortex; |
| corpus callosum | connecsts two hemisphers |
| cranial nerves | 12 pairs carry impulses to and from brain |
| cranium | bony structure brain sits in |
| dendrite | branches conduct impulses towards cell body |
| diencephalon | 1/4 deep portion of brain; hypothalamus |
| durameter | outermost layer of meninges |
| efferent neurons | impulses to and from brain to muscles |
| epidural space | area between pia mater and bones |
| epithalamus | part of diencephalon; sesnory relay station |
| excitability | ability to respond to stimuli |
| fissure;sulcus | indentations of cerebrum |
| frontal lobe | 1/4 parstof hemisphere |
| hypothalamus | part of diencephalon; sensory relay station |
| interneuron | carries and processes sensory information |
| medulla oblagata | regulates heart and lung functions, swallowing, vomiting coughing and sneezing |
| meninges | 3 layers of cover and protect brain and spinal cord |
| microglia | remove debris |
| midbrain | brainstem involved in visual reflexes |
| myelin sheth | fatty tissue covering axon |
| nerve | bundle ofneurons; electrical message thru out body |
| nerve impulse | released energy which is recieved and transmitted to provoke response |
| neurilemma | covering protects myelin sheath |
| neuroglia | doesnt transmit impulses |
| neurotransmitters | tiny sacs at end of axon |
| occipital lobe | hemisphere of cerebrum |
| oligodendroglia | produces myelin and helps support neurons |
| parasympathetic | ans; operates when body in homeostasis |
| parietal lobe | hemisphere in cerebrum |
| pia mater | innermost layer of meninges |
| pons | brainstem; controls respiratory functions |
| receptor | receives nerve impulses |
| somatic ns | pns; recieves and processes sensory input |
| spinal cord | ropelike tissue inside vertebral column |
| spinal nerves | 31 pairs; carry messages to and from spinal cord |
| stimulus | arouses response |
| subdural | area between dura meter and pia mater |
| sumpathetic ns | ans operates body under stress |
| ynapse | space which ipulses jump from one neuron to the next |
| temporal lobe | hemisphere in cerebrum |
| terminal end fibers | end of xon pass impulse to next neuron |
| thalamus | part of diencephalon;relay station for senses |
| ventral thalamus | part of diencephalon; sensory relay station |
| ventricle | cavity in brain for verebrospinal fluid |
| cerebello | cerebellum |
| cerebro | cerebrum |
| crani | cranium |
| encephalo | brain |
| ganglio | ganglion |
| glio | neuroglia |
| meningo | meninges |
| myelo | bone marrow; spinal cord |
| neuro | nerve |
| thalmo | thalamus |
| spino | spine |
| vago | vagus nerve |
| ventriculo | venrticle |
| ach | acetlyocholine |
| als | amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| bbb | blood brain barrier |
| cns | cenral nervous system |
| cp | cerebral palsy |
| csf | cerebrospinal fluid |
| ct | computerized tomography |
| cva | cerebrovascular accident |
| cdc | cerebrovascular disease |
| pns | peripheral nervous system |
| babinskis reflex | reflex on plantar surface of foot |
| cerebral anigogram | xray of brain blood vessels |
| ct | radiogrpahic imaging; cross sectional scan |
| electroencephalogram | electrical impulses of brain |
| encephalogram | radiographic study of ventricles in brain |
| evoked potetials | electrical wave patterns observed during eeg |
| lumbar puntuce | withdrawal of cerbrospinal fluid tween lumbar vertebrae |
| myelogram | xray of spinal cord |
| nerve conduction velocity | timing of conductivity of electrical shck administered to pn |
| pet | imaging o brain using raioactive isotopes |
| polysomnography | electrical and movement patterns during sleep |
| reflex | involuntary contration due to stimulus |
| spect | brain image produced by radioactive isotopes |
| transcranial sonogram | brain images produced by sound waves |
| absence seizure | epileptic bried disorientation of environment |
| agnosia | inability to recieve and understand outside stimuli |
| alzheimers | degenerativ brain disease |
| amnesia | loss of memory |
| amyotrophic later sclerosis | disease of motor neurons loss of muscular control and death |
| aneurysm | widening of artery wall bursts and releases blood |
| aphasia | speech loss |
| apraxia | inability to properly use familiar objects |
| astrocytoma | glioma fromed from astrocytes |
| ataxia | uncoordinated voluntary movement |
| aura | group of symptoms preced a seizure |
| bacteria/pyrogenic meningitis | meningitis caused by bacterionb |
| bells palsy | paralysis of one side of face |
| brain contusion | bruising of surface of brain without penetration |
| cereellitis | inflammation of cerebellum |
| cerebral infarction; cerbrovascular accident; stroke | incident caused by disruption in normal blood supply to brain |
| cerebral pasly | damage to cerebrum during birth lack of motor coordination |
| coma | deep sleep with little response to stimuli |
| concussion | brain injury |
| dementia | deterioration in mental capacity |
| demyelimation | destruction of myelin sheath |
| dopamine | substance to relieve symptoms in parkinsons |
| duritis | inflammation of dura mater |
| dysphasia | speech difficulty |
| embolic strok | stroke caused by embolus |
| encephalitis | inflammation of brain |
| epilepsy | chronic recurrent seizure activity |
| fainting; syncope | loss of consciousness due to lack of oxygen |
| gangliitis | inflammation of ganglion |
| gait | manner of walking |
| glioblastoma multiforme | most malignant type of glioma |
| gran/tonic clonic seizure | severe epileptic seizure with convulsions and twitching |
| hemorrhagic stroke | stroke caused by blood escaping from damage artery |
| huntingtons chorea | hereditary disorder with uncontrollable movements |
| hydrocephalus | overproduction of fluid in brain |
| meningioma | tumor rises rom meninges |
| meningitis | inflammation of meninges |
| meningocele | spina bifida cystica; protrusion of spinal meninges above surface of skin |
| meningomyelocele | spina bifida; protrusion of meninges and spinal cord above surface of skin |
| multiple sclerosis | disease loss of myelin, muscle weakness |
| myasthenia gravis | overproduction of antibodys block vertain neurotransmitters |
| myelitis | inflammation of spinal cord |
| narcolepsy | uncontrollable laspses into deep sleep |
| neuritis | inflammation of nerves |
| occlusion | blocking of vessel |
| oligodendroglioma | gliokma formed from oligodendroglia |
| palsy | parallysis |
| paresthesia | abnormal sensation |
| parkinsons disease | degeneration of nerves cuz lack of suffiecient dopamine |
| radiculitis | inflammaiton of spinal nerve roots |
| sciatica | inflammation of sciatic nerve |
| shingles | viral disease affecting pn |
| somnambulism | sleep walk |
| somnolence | extreme sleepiness |
| spina bifida | congenital defect of spine |
| tay sachs disease | hearditary; deterioration in cns |
| thrombotic stroke | stroke caused by thrombus |
| tics | twithcing movements accompanied by nervous disorders |
| touretter syndrome | uncontrollable speech sounds and tics |
| transient ischemic attack | short incident |
| viral meningitis | meningitis caused by virus |
| cordotomy | removing part of spinal cord |
| craniectomy | removal of part of skull |
| craniotomy | incision into skll |
| lobectomy | removal of portion of brain |
| lobotomy | incision into frontal lobe of brain |
| neurectomy | removal of nerve |
| neuroplasty | repair of nerve |
| neurorrhaphy | suturing of severed nerve |
| neurosurgeon | specialist who performs surgery on brain and spinal cord |
| neurotomy | dissection of nerve |
| stereotaxy surgery | destruction of deep seated brain structures using 3d coordinates to locate |
| trephination | circular incision into skull |
| vagotomy | severing of vagus nerve |
| analgesic | relieves pain |
| anesthic | loss of feeling or sensation |
| anticonfulsant | prevents convulsion |
| hypnotic | induces sleep |
| narcotic | relieves pain by inducing stuporous state |
| saditive | relieves feeling of agitation |
Created by:
cs3516
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