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2016-2017 PHS Unit 1
History and Trends in Healthcare
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Ancient Times | Illness/disease caused by supernatural spirits and demons |
| Ancient Egyptians | Earliest people to maintain health records |
| Ancient Egyptians | Mummified corpses showed signs of arthritis, kidney stones and arteriosclerosis |
| Ancient Chinese | Treat whole body by cursing spirits and nourishing the body; recorded herbal medications; used acupuncture to treat pain |
| Ancient Greeks | Illness was result of natural causes; believed in disease prevention; studied effects of disease and the human body |
| Hippocrates | "Father of Medicine" |
| Hippocrates | Organized disease by signs and symptoms |
| Hippocrates | Created high standards of ethics used by physicians (Hippocratic Oath) |
| Sign | Objective patient observation |
| Symptom | Subjective patient observation |
| Sign | Fever |
| Symptom | Pain |
| Sign | Swollen ankle |
| Symptom | Nausea |
| Ancient Romans | Established hospitals (for injured soldiers) |
| Ancient Romans | Developed public sanitation systems (aqueducts for clean water, sewers for waste) |
| Dark Ages | Emphasis on saving soul and study of medicine prohibited |
| Middle Ages | Bubonic plague killed 75% of population in Europe and Asia |
| Arab physician Rhazes | Began using animal gut for suture material |
| Renaissance | The rebirth of science & medicine; dissection of the human body began |
| Leonardo DaVinci | Studied corpses and drew the human body more realistically |
| Printing Press | Allowed knowledge to be spread |
| Anton Van Leeuwenhoek | Invented the microscope |
| Ambroise Pare | Father of modern Surgery |
| William Harvey | Described circulation of blood to/from the heart |
| Ambroise Pare | Used ligatures to bind arteries to stop bleeding |
| Gabriel Fahrenheit | Invented 1st mercury thermometer |
| Benjamin Franklin | Invented bifocals |
| Benjamin Franklin | Discovered colds could be passed from person to person |
| Edward Jenner | Developed smallpox vaccination |
| Rene Laennec | Invented the stethoscope |
| Florence Nightingale | Founder of modern nursing; started nursing schools |
| Robert Koch | Father of microbiology; developed way to grow bacteria on culture plates |
| Ignaz Semmelweiss | Encouraged hand-washing |
| Gregory Mendel | Established principles of heredity (traits can be passed from parents to children) |
| Louis Pasteur | Discovered that microorganisms cause disease and how to kill them (pasteurization of milk) |
| Wilhelm Roentgen | Discovered x-rays |
| Joseph Lister | First doctor to use antiseptic during surgery |
| Sigmund Freud | Formed the basis for psychiatry and psychology |
| Clara Barton | Founded the American Red Cross |
| Sir Alexander Fleming | Discovered penicillin |
| Jonas Salk | Discovered polio vaccination |
| Crick and Watson | Described DNA structure |
| HIPAA | Ensures privacy of patient information |
| Healthcare plans (insurance/Medicare/Medicaid) | Help pay cost of healthcare |
| Superbug | Drug-resistant bacteria |
| Bioterrorism | Using pathogens as weapons |
| Legalized euthanasia | Physician-assisted suicide |
| Geriatric care | Care for elderly |
| OBRA | Omnibus Reconciliation Act |
| Omnibus Reconciliation Act (OBRA) | Regulates long-term healthcare facilities |
| Cost containment | Control costs while achieving maximum benefits |
| Telemedicine | Using video, audio and computer systems to provide medical services |
| Diagnostic Related Group (DRG) | Classifying patients with certain disease in one payment group |
| DRG | Diagnostic Related Group |
| Complementary and Alternative Methods (CAM) | Non-traditional medical therapies |
| CAM | Complimentary and Alternative Methods |
| Complementary Medicine | Used WITH traditional therapies |
| Alternative Medicine | Used INSTEAD of traditional therapies |
| Integrative Care | Healthcare providers use both traditional and CAM therapies |
| CRAAP | An acronym to help assess credibility of health information. |
| CRAAP | Currency. Relevance, Authority, Acceptance, Purpose |
| Health Literacy | Understanding health information and knowing how to use the information to stay healthy and access the healthcare system. |
| Poor health literacy | Have poorer health outcomes, more hospitalizations and cost the healthcare system more money. |
| Currency | When was the information published (or last reviewed/edited). |
| Relevance | Is the information related to and in-depth enough on your topic? |
| Authority | Was the health information written or reviewed by a healthcare professional? |
| Accuracy | Was the information based on facts? Were cites referenced or was there a bibliography? |
| Purpose | Who funds the publication (website)? What is the purpose of the website? |
| AND | Boolean operative. Both search terms MUST be in the article for the search to bring forward the article. |
| OR | Boolean operative. One or the other search terms must be in the article for the search to bring forward the article |
| NOT | Boolean operative. Removes articles from the search that contain the search term after the operative NOT. |
| ( ) parentheses | Boolean operative. Searches the search term in the parentheses first |
Created by:
vorachekt
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