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Chapter 6
Cardiovascular System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aorta | largest artery o body |
| aortic valve | between aorta and left ventricle |
| arteriole | tiny artery connecting to capillary |
| artery | thick, carries oxygenated blood; away from heart |
| atrioventricular bundle/His | fibers in interventricular septum; transfer charges in hearts conduction system |
| atrioventricular node | sends charge to bundle of His |
| atrioventricular valve | one of two; control blood flow |
| atrium | upper chamber |
| bicuspid/mitral valve | left side of heart |
| blood | fluid; circulates through body; delivers nutrients |
| blood pressure | force of blood against artery walls |
| blood vessel | passageway which blood travels |
| capillary | smallest blood vessle exchange point between artery and veins |
| carbon dioxide | waste material in veins |
| cardiac cycle | contraction and relaxation of heart |
| cardiovascular | relating to the heart |
| carotid artery | to head and neck |
| conduction system | sends electrical charge; causes contraction and relaxation of heart |
| coronary artery | oxygen rich blood to heart |
| depolarization | contracting state of conduction system |
| diastole | relaxation phase of heart beat |
| ductus arteriousus | fetal;blood bypasses non functionl lungs |
| ductus venosus | fetal; bpass liver |
| endocardium | lines chambers and valves; innermost layer |
| endothelium | secretes substance into blood |
| epicardium | outermost layer |
| femoral | blood to thigh |
| foramen ovale | opeing in septum in fetus; closes at birth |
| heart | receives blood and sends blood |
| inferior vena cava | large vein; lower part of body to right atrium |
| left atrium | upper left chamber |
| left ventricle | lower left chamber |
| lumen | inside artery which blood flows |
| myocardium | between epicardium and endocardium |
| pacemaker | sinoatrial node; device regulates heart rhythym |
| pericardium | protective covering o heart |
| polarization | resting state |
| popliteal | supplies blood behind knee |
| pulmonary artery | one of two; carries blood low in oxygen from heart to lungs |
| pulmonary valve | controls blood flow between right ventricle and pulmonary arteries |
| pulmonary vein | one of four; oxygenate blood; from lungs to LA |
| pulse | phythmix expansion and contraction of blood vessel |
| repolarization | recharging state; transition from contraction to resting |
| right atrium | upper right chamber |
| right ventricle | lower right chamber |
| saphenous vein | deoxygenated blood from legs |
| semilunar valve | one of two; prevent back flow into aorta |
| septum | pertition between left and right chambers of heart |
| sinoatrial node | send electrical impulses to heart causing contraction |
| sinus rhythm | normal heart beat |
| superior vena cava | vein transport blood from upper body to hear |
| systole | contraction |
| tricuspid valve | atrioventricular valve on right side of heart |
| valve | slow or prevent fluid from back flow |
| vein | deoxygenated blood to heart |
| ventricle | two lower chambers of heart |
| venule | tiny vein connecting to capillary |
| angio | blood vessel |
| aorto | aorta |
| arterio, artero | artery |
| athero | fatty matter |
| atrio | atrium |
| cardio | heart |
| hemangio | blood vessel |
| pericardio | pericardium |
| phlebo | vein |
| sphygmo | pulse |
| thrombo | blood clot |
| vaso | blood vessel |
| veno | vein |
| Acg | acceleraor globulin |
| AF | atrial fibrillation |
| ami | acute mocardial infarction |
| as | aortic stenosis |
| asd | asd atrial septal defect |
| ashd | arterioschlerotic heart disease |
| av | atrioventricular |
| ascvd | arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease |
| bo | blood pressure beats per minute |
| cabg | coronary artery bypass graft |
| cad | cornary artery disease |
| cath | catheter |
| ccu | coronary care unit |
| chd | coronary heart disease |
| chf | congestive heart failure |
| co | cardiac output |
| cpk | creatine phosphokinase |
| cpr | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| cva | cerebrovascular accident |
| cvd | cardiovascular disease |
| dic | disseminated intravascular coagulation |
| dsa | digital subtraction angiography |
| dvt | deep venous thrombosis |
| ecg, ekg | electrocardiogram |
| echo | echocardiogram |
| ett | exercise tolerance test |
| got | glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase |
| hdl | high density lipoprotein |
| hr | heart rate |
| ldh | lactate dehydrogenase |
| ldl | low density lipoprotein |
| lvh | left ventricular hypertrophy |
| mi | mitral insufficiency |
| mr | mitral regurgitation |
| ms | mitral stenosis |
| muga | multiple gated acquisition scan |
| mvp | mitral valve prolapse |
| pac | premature atrial contraction |
| ptca | percutaneous trnsluminal cornary angioplasty |
| pvs | premature ventricular contraction |
| sa | sinoaatrial |
| sv | stroke volume |
| tc | total cholestrol |
| tpa | tissue plasminogen activator |
| vldl | very low density lipoprotein |
| vsd | ventricular spetal defect |
| vt | ventricular tachycardia |
| angiocardiography | viewing of heart and its major blood vessels by exray after injection of contrasat medium |
| angiography | viewing of major blood vessels by xray after injection of contrast medium |
| arteriography | specific artery xray |
| aortagraphy | aorta xray |
| auscultation | listening to body sounds; stehtoscope |
| cardiac catheterization | pass thin catheter thru vessle to take samples |
| cardiac enzyme test/serum enzyme test | blood tests determine levels of exnzyme during myocardial infarction |
| cardiac MRI | heart view by magnetic resonance imaging |
| cardiac scan | heart muscle at work; injectino of radioactive substance |
| cholesterol | faty substance; circulate sthru bloodstream |
| digitla subtraction angiography | two angiograms done with diff dyes |
| doppler ultrasound | test blood flow in vessels |
| echocardiography | sound waves to produce images of heart |
| ejection fraction | percentage of volume of contents of lv ejected |
| electrocardiography | electrocardiograph in diagnosis |
| holter monitor | protable device provicdes 24 hr electrocardiogram |
| lipid profile | levels of lipids in blood |
| muga | radioactive scan showing heart function |
| phebograph | vein by xray |
| pet scan | nuclear image measures movement of heart areas |
| sonography | images based on echoes of waves against structures |
| sphygmomanometer | measures blood pressure |
| stress test | measures hear rate and blood pressure while person exercises |
| venography | vein xray |
| ventriculogram | xray of ventricle |
| aneurysm | ballooning of artery wall caused by weakness in wall |
| angina (pectoris) | chest pain, lower oxygen/blood supply to heart |
| aortic regurgitation | backward flow through faulty aortic valve |
| aortic stenosis | narrowing of aorta |
| arrhythmia | irregularity in rhythm of heart beat |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening of arteries |
| arteritis | inflammations of arteris |
| asystole | cardiac arrest |
| atheroma | fatty deposit in wall of artery |
| atherosclerosis | hardening of arteris casued by build up of atheromas |
| atrial fibrillation | irregulat fast heart beat caused by overstimulation |
| atrioventricular block | blockage of electical impuls from node to ventricles |
| bacterial endocarditis | bacterial inflammation of inner heart lining |
| bradycardia | heart rate fewer than 60 bpm |
| bruit | murmur |
| cardiac arrest | sudden stopping of heart |
| cardiac tamponade | compressino of heart caused by fluid accumulation |
| cardiomyopathy | disease of heart muscle |
| claudication | limping caused by inadequate blood supply |
| coarctation of aorta | abnormal narrowing of aorta |
| congenital heart disease | heart disease from birth |
| congestive heart tfailur | inability of hert to pump enough blood; collection of fluid in lungs |
| constriction | compression or narrowing of vessel |
| coronary artery disease | reduce flow of blood thru arteries |
| cyanosis | blusish colration of skin; inadequate oxygen in blood |
| deep vein thrombosis | formation of clot in dep vein |
| dysrhythmia | abnormal heart rhythm |
| embolus | mass of foreign materical blocking vessel |
| endocarditis | inflammation of endocardium |
| essntial hypertension | high blood pressure without cause |
| fibrillation | chaotic irregular heart beat |
| flutter | regular but rapid heart beat |
| gallop | triple sound of heart beat |
| hemorrhoids | varicose condition in anal region |
| hypertension | conic condition;> 140/90; high blood pressure |
| hypertensivve heart disease | caused by high blood pressure |
| hypotension | chronic condition with below normal pressure |
| infarct | necrosis caused by sudden drop in supply of blood |
| intermittent claudication | attacks of limping; ischemia of muscles |
| intracardiac tumor | within one of heart chambers |
| ischemia | blood insufficiency caused by obstruction |
| mitral insufficiency | backward flow to damage mitral vavle |
| mitral stenosis | abnoram narrowing at opening of mitral valve |
| mitral valve prolapse | back flow into left atrium due to protrusion of cusps into la |
| murmur | soft heart humming heard between normal beats |
| myocardial infarction | drop in supply of blood in heart muscles |
| myocarditis | inflammation of myocardium |
| necrosis | death of tissue; irreversible damage |
| occlusion | closing of vessel |
| palpitations | uncomfortable pulsations of heart; thumping in chest |
| patent ductus arteriosus | condition at birth; duct between aorta and pulmonary artery remains open |
| perfusion deficit | lack of flow thru vesel |
| pericarditis | inflammation of pericardium |
| peripheral vascular disease | in lower extremities; blockage |
| petechiae | minute hemorrhages in skin |
| phlebitis | inflammation of vein |
| plaque | build up of solid material |
| pac | atrial contraction before normal impulse |
| pvc | ventricle conrtactions before normal impulse |
| pulmonary artery stenosis | narrowing of pulmonary artery; prevent lungs from receive blood from heart |
| pulmonary edema | abnormal accumulatino of fluid in lungs |
| raynauds phenonmenon | spasm in arteries of fingers; numbness |
| rheumatic heart disease | heart valve damaged untreat streptococcal infection |
| risk factor | various factors increase prob of idsease |
| rub | rictional sound heard btween heart beats |
| secondary hypertension | known cause; kidney disease |
| septal defect | congenital abnorality opening of septum |
| stenosis | narrowing of vesssel |
| tachycardia | heart rate greater tham 100 bpm |
| tetralogy of fallot | 4 congenital heart abnormalities appearing together cause deoxy blood to enter systemic circulate |
| thrombophlebitis | imflammation of vein with thrombus |
| thrombosis | presence of thrombus in vessel |
| thrombotic occulusion | narrowing caused by thrombus |
| thrombus | blood clot |
| tricuspid stenosis | narrowing of opeing of tricuspid valve |
| valvulitis | inflammatino of heart valve |
| varicose vein | dilated, enlarges, twisted vein |
| vegetation | clot on heart valve |
| anastomosis | surgical connection of vessels to allow blood to flow thru |
| angioplasty | opening of blocked vessel |
| angioscopy | viewing o interio of vessel |
| arteriotomy | surgical incision into artery; remove clot |
| atherectomy | removal of atheroma |
| balloon catherter dilation | insert catherter to open passage |
| bypass | creat new passage for blood; detour |
| cariopulmonary bypass | divert flow from heart thru heart lung machine and back |
| embolectomy | removal of embolus |
| endarterectomy | removal of disease portion of lining of artery |
| endovascular surgery | procedures done during cardiac catheterization |
| fontan operation | creat bypass from ra to main pulmonary artery |
| heart transplant | implantation of heart of person who died to diseased heart person |
| hemorrrhoidectomy | removal of hemorrhoids |
| intravascular stent | stent place in vessel to allow blood to flow freely |
| phlebotomy | drawing of blood from vein by small incision |
| stent | implant device to hold something |
| thrombectomy | removal of thrombus |
| valve replacement | replacement of coronary valve |
| valvotomy | incision in valve to remove obstruction |
| valvuloplasty | surgical reconstruction of valve |
| venipuncture | small punture to vein |
| coronary vasodilators | dilates arteries; used to treat infartion, congestive heart failure, angina |
| beta blockers | reduce contraction streath, lower blood pressure; slow heartbeat |
| calcium channel blockers | inability of calicium to enter heart muscle; reduce heart rate; dilate arteries to enhance flow |
| thrombolytics | dissolve blood clots |
| bile acid sequestrants | lipid lowering meds |
| lipid mlowering medications | reduces lipids and cholesterol |
| centrally acting hypertensive agents; antihypertensive | decrease blood pressure by brain control centers |
| direct acting vasodilators | lower pressureby relaxing vessels |
| perippherally acting hypertensive agents | lower pressure by nerves involved |
| ace inhibitors | ease heart pumping by dilation of arteries |
| angiotensin II receptor blockers | block action that causes vessels t narrow |
| diuretics | promote removal of water to lower pressure and relieve edema |
| inotropic agents | increase amount of blood pumped by inscreasing squeezing strength |
| antiarrhythimics | alter electrical flow |
| anticoagulations; anticlotting | reduce proteins involved |
| antiplatelet meds | reduce ability of platelets to clot |
| hemorrheologic agents | decrease viscosity of blood |
| antianginal | relieve attacks of angina |
| cardiotonic | congestive heart failur; increase force of contraction |
| heparin | anti coagulant present in body |
| nitrate | dilate veins; control angina |
| tissue type plasminogen activator | prevents thrombus from forming |
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