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WH: CH 4
Enlightenment & Revolution (New)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| a time period that included Philosophes, secularism, rationalism | ENLIGHTENMENT |
| English philosopher who wrote Leviathan; believed in social contract wherein the individual exchanges rights for group safety; believed in absolute power | THOMAS HOBBES |
| English philosopher who wrote Two Treatises of Government; believed in a social contract that would not limit individual freedoms (life, liberty, property);no absolute power | JOHN LOCKE |
| Philosophers and critics of society during the Enlightenment | PHILOSOPHE |
| Enlightenment philosopher whose philosophy included the idea of separation of powers and a system of checks and balances | MONTESQUIEU |
| Enlightenment philosopher who said “I (may) disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”(freedom of speech); also freedom of religion | VOLTAIRE |
| Enlightenment philosopher who edited/published The Encyclopedia | DIDEROT |
| A collection of articles and essays that described the ideas of the Enlightenment | ENCYCLOPEDIA |
| Enlightenment philosopher who felt the republic was the ideal form of government | ROUSSEAU |
| Enlightenment philosopher who supported women’s rights | WOLLSTONECRAFT |
| the system by which people, businesses and government make money and spend money | ECONOMICS |
| French word meaning "to let be";economic policy that believes government should not interfere in business | LAISSEZ FAIRE |
| wrote the Wealth of Nations;believed in laissez faire economics and supply and demand | ADAM SMITH |
| economic theory proposed by Adam Smith; as supply increase and demand remains the same, price will decrease; if demand increases and supply remains the same, price increase | SUPPLY AND DEMAND |
| restricting access to ideas and information | CENSORSHIP |
| informal social gatherings at which writers, artists, philosophes exchanged ideas | SALONS |
| grand,formal,ornate style of art,architecture and furniture | BAROQUE |
| lighter,elegant style of art, architecture and furniture featuring delicate shells and flowers | ROCOCO |
| composers of the Enlightenment who wrote opera, sonatas, and symphonies | BACH, HANDEL, HAYDN, MOZART |
| plays set to music | OPERA |
| economic belief that colonies exist for the benefit of the home country; colonies supply raw materials and are market for finished goods | MERCANTILISM |
| war between France & England over territory in North American colonies | FRENCH & INDIAN WAR |
| treaty that ended the French & Indian War; resulted in English possession of all land east of Mississippi River | TREATY of PARIS (1763) |
| king of England at the time of American Revolution | GEORGE III |
| acts passed by British Parliament to tax colonies on molasses and sugar, wills and legal documents | SUGAR ACT and STAMP ACT |
| reason English colonists in America cited for rebellion | NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION |
| event in British colonies that resulted in the death of five colonists by British soldiers | BOSTON MASSACRE |
| Rebellion by American colonists against the British East India Company receiving a monopoly on tea shipped to the colonies | BOSTON TEA PARTY |
| Gathering in Philadelphia of delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies; sent demands to Parliament | FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS |
| Commander of the patriot forces | GEORGE WASHINGTON |
| Location of “The shot heard ‘round the world” | LEXINGTON & CONCORD |
| North American colonists who resisted British taxation and felt the colonies should declare independence | PATRIOTS |
| North American colonists who wanted to remain loyal to Britain; Tories | LOYALISTS |
| Gathering of delegates who wrote and signed Declaration of Independence | SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS |
| Wrote the Declaration of Independence | THOMAS JEFFERSON |
| Document created at the Second Continental Congress, written by Thomas Jefferson, that stated the intentions and demands of the American colonists; based on the philosophy of John Locke | DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE |
| government created by and subject to the will of the people | POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY |
| Final battle of the American Revolution where Cornwall (British) surrendered | YORKTOWN |
| Treaty that settled the American Revolution | TREATY OF PARIS (1783) |
| first constitution of the United States; it proved too weak to be effective (no president, unilateral legislature) | ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION |
| division of federal and state government into three independent branches (executive, legislative, judicial) | SEPARATION OF POWERS |
| plan of government | CONSTITUTION |
| Branch of government that enforces the law | EXECUTIVE |
| Branch of government that creates the law | LEGISLATIVE |
| Branch of government that interprets the law | JUDICIAL |
| system which ensures that one branch of government does not accumulate too much power | CHECKS AND BALANCES |
| First 10 Amendments of the US Constitution; ratified in 1791 | BILL OF RIGHTS |
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