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ANTH CH 1
Inequality
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Society | Groups of people who are relatively separated from surrounding populations, occupy a specific territory, and share a common culture |
| Power | the ability to gt other people to do as you want, even in the absence of their consent |
| Anthropology | The study of humans, past and present. Cultural anthropology focuses on how people in various parts of the wold organize and govern themselves, and the meanings they create as they deal with the world they live in |
| Inequality | a system whereby certain individuals can gain more power, prestige, influence, or wealth than others |
| Elite | In a system of relationships based on inequality, the elite are the people who directly benefit from inequality and control the lives and labor of those who suffer from inequality |
| Holism | An important aspect of anthropological method and perspective. In this approach, the anthropologist is attempting to understand the society as a whole, rather than just particular aspects of it, such as its economy. |
| Gender | The learned behavior and attitudes associated with a particular sex in a particular society |
| Ethnography | a book, article, or film that makes an anthropological description or analysis of a particular culture. generally based on fieldwork |
| participant observation | an anthropological research method in which researchers live among th people whose culture they are studying |
| Ethnocentrism | judging the membes of another culture or subcutule by the standards of one's own culture, with the assumption that one's own culture is the best and that it is the way all rational people would naturally choose to live |
| culture | the learned and shared behavior patterns of a group of people; includes all that society produces, ideas as well as things |
| fieldwork | the process of studying the way of life of a particular group of people or of people in a particular situation by living with them |
| exploitation | using other people or their resources for your own benefit, without ensuring equal benefits to the people being exploited; possible only in situations of inequality |
| Cultural Determination | the way in which human behavior is heavily influenced and to some degree controlled by the culture of the particular group in which a person livs |
| class marker | behavior, consumption patterns, and or display of objects that identify someone as being a member of a particular class. |
| means of production | the resources used in the process of production |
| social construction of reality | a way of understanding the wold and human life which recognizes that people make what is real in our world |
| Infant mortality rate | the number of children per thousand births who die before one year of age. a high ate mans lots of children die |
| discrimination | action that trats someon, usually basd on thir identity, differently from how a similarly qualified person of a nother group would b treated. Distingusin from prejudice which as to do with attitudes not actions |
| cultural universal | all cultures have elements that meet universal basic human needs |
| language | the communcation systems that consists primarily of vocal sounds used as symbols to stand for ideas and objects, togehter with the rules such as grammar about how to organize those sounds into statements tat are meaningful to other speakers of the same |
| cultural variation | different cultures met basic human universal needs in different ways |
| collaborator | a member of a subordinate group who cooperates with the dominant group in maintaining control and or extracting profits from the subordinate group |
| ideology | belief systems that rationalize and legitimatize the distribution of power |
| blaming the victim | claiming a bad situation is the result of the victim's own actions, thus avoiding the need to look for the social forces which might be causing the situation |
| class bias (classical) | the assumption that how ones own class sees the world and acts is the only natural, correct, and moral way; particularly the assumption that classes more exploits thinks one's own are irrational or stupid if they behave differently |
| racism | the belief that members of another race are inferior and that unequal treatment therefore justified and natural |
| sexism | the assumption that the way one's own sex lives and works and thinks is the natural and correct way, and that members of the other sex are actually inferior, so that unequal treatment is justified |
| class | a group of people who have the same relationship to the means of production |
| professional/managerial class | in a capitalist society, the section of the working class that performs professional services and or managerial services for the capitalist class by managing training and controlling the rest of the working class |
| double vision | the ability, resulting from one's subordinate position in an unequal social structure, to interprets events both from a a subordinate point of view and to some extent from the perspective of the dominant group |
| learned ignorance | a lack of knowledge which is fostered to protect the distribution of power in a society |
| other | people defined as being irrevocably different from you and your group |
| hegemony | the dominance of a set of ideas or of a power structure that is so powerful and so entrenched that it goes unchallenged and is rarely questioned |
| studying up | the anthropologist conscioulsy decides to focus on the people who hold power in an exploitative situation, with the hope that the knowledge they gain will give clues about how to change the situation |
| Social Inequality | a system whereby certain individuals can gain more power, prestige, influence, or wealth than others. Social inequality becomes stratified when people who gain wealth power or prestige through their own efforts gain control of the means of production |
Created by:
rachelcoats
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