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Chapter 5
Musculoskeletal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| acetabulum | femur to hip |
| acrominion | scapula to clavicle |
| amphiarthrosis | cartilage, some movement |
| ankle | lower leg to bones of feet |
| articular cartilage | cartilage at joint |
| articulation | two bone join togetr to allow movement |
| atlas | 1st vertebrae |
| axis | 2nd vertebrae |
| bone | hard connective tissue, skeleton |
| bone head | round upper end |
| bone phagocyte | ingest dead bone; |
| bursa | sac; sunovial membrane; spaces between tendon and joints |
| calcaneus | heel |
| calcium | important for formation ofbone |
| cancelous bone | spongy bone |
| cardiac muscle | striated; heart; involuntary |
| carpus; carpal bone | wrist |
| cartilage | flexible connective |
| cartilaginous/intervertebral disk | circular mass; between vertebrae |
| cervical vertibrae | 7; neck |
| clavicle | curved bone to scapula |
| coccyx | end of vertebrae; 4 fused when baby |
| compact bone | hard bone tightly woven |
| condylee | round srface; end of bone |
| crest | bony ridge |
| diaphysis | long middle section of bone; shaft |
| diarthroses | freely movable joint |
| dorsal vertibrae/ thoracic vertebrae | 12; chest |
| elbow | joint between upper arm and forearm; ulna |
| endosteu | lining of medullary vacity |
| epiphyseal plate | cartilage tissue replaced; calcifies; growth plate |
| ethmoid bone | irregular bone; in face |
| ethmoid sinuses | both sides of nasal cavity; between eye and sphenoid sinus |
| fascia | fibrous tissue over muscles |
| femur | long bone in thigh |
| fibula | smallest bone in leg |
| fissure | deep slit |
| flat bone | cover certain areas; skull, scapula |
| fontanelle | membranous section of infants skull; soft spot |
| foramen | opening thorough bone |
| foramen magnum | opening in occipital for spinal cord |
| fossa | depression |
| frontal bone | forehead |
| frontal sinuses | sinus above eyes |
| humerus | connects arm to scapula |
| ilium | wide portion of hip |
| insertion | attachment to movable bone |
| involuntary muscle/smooth/visceral | digestive system; not striated; |
| irregular bone | special shape to fit certain area; facial bones |
| ischium | 1 of 3 fused bones of pelvis |
| joint | joining of bones |
| lacrimal bone | flat bone of face |
| lamina | flart side of arch of vertebrae |
| ligament | bone to bone |
| long bone | bone with shaft |
| lumbar vertebrae | 5 vertebrae; lower back |
| malleolus | round protrusion of tibia/fibula; either side of ankle |
| mandible | lower jaw |
| marrow | connective tissue with medullary cavity; rich nutrients |
| mastoid process | protrusion of temporal bone; behind ear |
| maxillary bone | upper jaw |
| maxillary sinus | either side of nasal cavity below eyes |
| medullary cavity | center of bone that holds marrow |
| metacarpal | bone between wrist and fingers |
| metaphysis | long bone between epiphysis and diaphysis |
| metatarsal | between arch and toes |
| muscle | contractile; needed for mvoement |
| musculoskeletal system | includes muscles and skeleton |
| nasal bones | form bridge of nose |
| nasal cavity | either side of nasal septum |
| neural canal | space for spinal cord |
| nucleus pulposus | fibrous; center of intervertebral disk |
| occipital bone | lower portion of skull |
| olecranon | elbow |
| origin | where muscle attaches; stationary |
| osseous tissue | connective; calcium salts |
| ossification | hardening of bone |
| osteoblast | form bone |
| osteoclast | reabsorb bone |
| osteocyte | bone cell |
| palatine bone | hard palate and nasal cavity |
| parietal bone | curve upper part of skull |
| patella | sesamoid; kneecap |
| periosteum | fibrous covering surface of bone |
| phalanges | finger and toe |
| phosphorus | important for bone formation |
| process | bony outgrowth or projection |
| pubes | anteroinferior portion of hip |
| pubic symphysis | joining of pubic bones |
| radius | shorter bone on forearm |
| rib | 24 form chest wall |
| sacrum | above coccyx; 5 fused |
| scapula | flat bone; shoulder blade |
| sella turcica | depression in sphenoid for pituitary gland |
| sesamoid bone | in tendon over joint |
| short bone | sqare shaped |
| sinus | hollow cavity |
| skeleton | bony framework |
| sphenoid bone | base of skull |
| spenoid sinus | above and behind nose |
| spinous process | protrusion from center of arch |
| sternum | midline of anterior thorax |
| striated muscle/voluntary | control at will; skeletal muscle |
| styloid process | peg shaped protrusion |
| sulcus | groove in surface |
| suture | joins to bones; fibrous membrane; skull |
| symphysis | cartilaginous joint unite 2 bones |
| synarthrosis | no movement |
| snovial fluid | lubricate joints |
| synovial joint | movable joint |
| tarsal | arch of foot |
| temporal bone | base and sides of skull |
| TMJ | joint for temporal bone and mandible |
| tendone | muscle to bone |
| thorax | trunk; neck and abdomen |
| tibia | large of two lower bones; shin |
| transverse process | portrusion on vertebral arch |
| trochanter | bony protrusion on upper end of femur |
| true ribs | 7; attach to sterum and spine |
| tubercle | bony eleveaition for ligament |
| tuberosity | large elevation |
| ulna | larger bone of forearm |
| vertebrae | bony segments of spinal cord |
| vertebral body | main portion of vertebrae |
| vitamin d | important for bone formation |
| vomer | flat bone; nasal septum |
| zygomatic bone | cheek bone |
| acetabulo | acetabulum |
| acromio | end of scapula |
| ankylo | bent crooked |
| arthro | joint |
| brachi | arm |
| burso | bursa |
| calcaneo | heel |
| calcio | calcium |
| carpo | wrist |
| cephalo | head |
| cervico | neck |
| chondro | cartilage |
| condylo | knob; knuckle |
| costo | rib |
| cranio | skull |
| dactylo | fingers; toes |
| fascio | fascia |
| femoro | femur |
| fibro | fiber |
| humero | humerus |
| ilio | ilium |
| ischio | ischium |
| kypho | hump;bent |
| lamino | laamina |
| leiomyo | smooth muscle |
| lumbo | lumbar |
| maxillo | upper jaw |
| metacarpo | metacarpal |
| myo | muscle |
| myelo | spinal cord; marrow |
| osteo | bone |
| pateelo | knee |
| pedi; pedo | foot |
| pelvi | pelvis |
| phalango | finger or toe |
| podo | foot |
| pybo | pubis |
| rachio | spine |
| radio | forearm bone |
| rhabdo | rod shaped |
| rhabdomyo | striated muscle |
| scapulo | scapula |
| scolio | curved |
| spondylo | vertebrae |
| sterno | sternum |
| synovo | synovial membrane |
| tarso | tarsus |
| teno;tendo;tedino | tendon |
| tibio | tibia |
| ulno | ulna |
| vertebro | vertebra |
| A-K | above knee amputation |
| ASIS | anterior auperior iliac spine |
| B | bilateral |
| B-K | below knee amputation |
| C1,C2 etc | cervical vertebrae |
| Ca | calcium |
| CTS | carpal tunnel syndrome |
| D1 D2 etc | dorsal vertebrae |
| DJD | degenerative joint disease |
| DTR | deep tendon refle |
| EMG | electromyogram |
| Fx | fracture |
| IM | intramuscularly |
| L | left |
| L1 L2 etc | lumbar vertebrae |
| MCP | metacarpophalangeal |
| NSAID | nonsteroidal antiinflammartory drug |
| OA | ostero arthritis |
| P | phosphorus |
| PIP | proximal interphalangeal joints |
| PSIS | posterior superior iliac spine |
| R | right |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
| ROM | range of motion |
| T1 T2 etc | thoracic vertebrae |
| TMJ | temporomandibular joint |
| arthrography | radiography of joint |
| arthroscopy | exmination with instrument; inside of jiont |
| bone scane | nuclear medicine image ofbone |
| chirpractor | professional; align spinal column |
| densitometer | measure bone density usin light n xrays |
| diskography | image of disk by injection of medium in center |
| electromyogram | image of muscular action using electrical currents |
| goniometer | measures angles and ROM |
| myelography | imagin of spinal cord |
| orthopedic surgeon | emins, diagnoses, and treats musculoskeletal system |
| osteo path | combines manipulativ treatment with therapeutic measures |
| podiatrist | foot specialist |
| rheumatoid factor test | detect rheumatoid arthritis |
| rheumatologist | joint specialist |
| serum calcium | test for Ca in blood |
| serum creatine phosphokinase | active in muscle contration |
| serum phosphorus | test for P in blood |
| tinel's sign | pins and needs sensation; injured nerve tapped |
| uric acid test | test acid content in urin; indicate gout |
| ankylosis | stiffening of joint |
| arthralgia | severe joint pain |
| arthritis | inflammation of joint |
| atrophy | waste away of tissue or organs; shrink |
| bony necrosis | death of portions of bone |
| bunion | inflamed bursa of foot joint |
| bursitis | inflammation of bursa |
| calcar/spur | bony projection growing out of bone |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | pain in hand due to repetitive motion |
| chondromalacia | softening of cartilage |
| closed fracture | no open skin wound |
| colles fracture | lower end of radius |
| comminuted fracture | shattered bones |
| complex fracture | part of bone displaced |
| complicated fracture | extensive soft tissue repair needed |
| compound/ open fracture | open skin wound |
| compression fraction | vertebrae space compressed |
| contracture | extreme resistance to stretching of muscle |
| crepitation | noise made by rubbing bones together |
| degenerative arthritis | erosion of cartilage |
| dislocation | movement of joint out of normal position |
| dystonia | abnormal tone of tissue |
| epiphysitis | inflammation of epiphysis |
| exostosis | abnormal bone growth capped by cartilage |
| flaccid | without tone; relaxed |
| fracture | break |
| gouty arthritis | inflammation of joints; caused by uric acid crystals |
| greenstick fracture | twistin of bone but no break |
| hairline fracture | no bone separation |
| herniated disk | protrusion of intervertebral disk into neural canal |
| hypertrophy | abnormal increas in muscle size |
| hypotonia | abnormal muscle tension reduction |
| impacted fracture | fragment of one part of fracture driven into another tissue part |
| incomplete fracture | does not go entirely through bone |
| kyphosis | hunch back;abnoral posterior spine curvature |
| leiomyoma | benign tumor of smooth muscle |
| leiomyosarcome | malignant tumor of smooth muscle |
| lordosis | abnormal anterior spine curve; sway back |
| muscular dystrophy | degenerativedisorder affecting organs eventually |
| myalgia/ myodynia | muscle pain |
| myeloma | bone marrow tumor |
| myoma | benign muscle tumor |
| myositis | inflammation of muscle |
| ostealgia/osteodynia | bone pain |
| osteoarthritis | loss of cartilage |
| osteoma | benign bone tumor |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of bone marrow |
| osteoporosis | degenerative thinning of bone |
| osteosarcoma | malignant tumor of bone |
| pathological fracture | site of already damaged bone |
| phantom limb/pain | pain felt by parallyzed/amputated |
| physcial therapy | movement therapy to restored damaged areas |
| podagra | pain in big toe |
| rhabdomyom | benign tumor in striated muscle |
| rhabdomyosarcome | malignant tumor in striated muscle |
| rheumatoid arthritis | autoimmue disorder affecting connective tissue |
| rickets | vit d deficiency |
| rigidity | stiffness |
| rigor | stiffening |
| sciatica | pain in lower back from herniated disk |
| scoliosis | lateral curve |
| sequestrum | dead tissue separated from surrounding area |
| simple fracture | no open wound |
| spasn | involuntary muscle contraction |
| spastic | tending to have spams |
| spina bifida | deformity of spine; babies |
| spinal curvatur | abnormal curve of spine |
| spondylolisthesis | one vertebra misaligns with one below; slipped disks |
| sprain | without dislocation; injury to joint |
| strain | injury to muscle; overuse |
| subluxation | partial dislocation |
| talipes calcaneus | dormoity of heall; weakend calf |
| talipes valgus | eversion of foot |
| talipesvarus | inversion of foot |
| tendinitis | inflammation of tendon |
| tetany | long muscle contraction |
| tremor | repetitive muscle contraction |
| amputation | cutting off limb |
| arthrocentesis | removal of fluid in joint |
| arthrodesis | fusion of joint to stiffen |
| arthroplasty | replacement of joint |
| bone grafting | transplantate of bone from one site to another |
| bunionectomy | removal of bunion |
| burssectomy | removal of bursa |
| casting | mold over body part to prevent movement |
| external fixation device | device to hold limb in place outside |
| internal fixation device | device to hold limb in place inside |
| laminectomy | removal of part of vertebra disk |
| myoplasty | reapid of muscle tissue |
| orthosis | appliance used to immobilze movement of spine or limbs |
| osteoclasis | breaking of bone to repair |
| osteoplasty | replacement of bone |
| osteotomy | cutting of bone |
| reduction | return to normal position |
| prosthetic | artificial device to substitiue misssing part |
| splinting | immobilize body part |
| spondylosyndesis | fusion of vertebrae |
| synovectomy | removal of synovial membrane |
| tenotomy | cutting of tendon |
| traction | drag, pull, straighten by attachment of elastic |
| analgesic | relieve pain |
| muscle relaxant | relieve stiffness |
| NSAIDS | reduce inflammation |
| narcotic | similar to opium; relieve pain |
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