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South n East Asia 2
South and East Asia- Study Guide 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which Asian countries have the highest literacy rates? | Japan, North Korea, and South Korea |
| Which Asian country has the lowest literacy rate? | India |
| Which Asian countries have the highest national wealth as determined by GDP? | Japan and South Korea |
| Which Asian countries have the lowest national wealth? | Bangladesh and North Korea |
| What generalization can you make about the relationship between national wealth and literacy? | Higher national wealth is not always necessary in order to have high literacy rates. |
| Why do some very poor countries in Asia still have high literacy rates? | If governments decide education should be a national goal, the literacy rates can improve even if the countries are poor. |
| In a unitary government system, most of the power is in the hands of the ____________ | central government |
| In a confederation government system, most of the power is in the hands of the ___________ | local governments. |
| Which organization could be considered an example of a confederation form of government? | The Association of Southeast Asian Nations |
| How is government power handled in a federal form of government? | Power is shared among different levels of government |
| Who makes most of the important governmental decisions in an autocracy? | the ruler |
| Which Asian country could be described as an autocracy? | North Korea |
| Who makes most of the important governmental decisions in an oligarchy? | small group of powerful leaders |
| Which Asian country could be described as an oligarchy? | China |
| Why do the individual voters have more power in a democracy than they do in an autocracy or an oligarchy? | The voters get to choose the people who make the laws. |
| Which Asian countries have democratic systems of government? | India and Japan |
| Which branch of government is responsible for making and carrying out the laws in a parliamentary system of government? | legislature |
| The leader of a parliamentary system is often called the | prime minister |
| The leader of a parliamentary system is chosen by ________________ | The political party with the most representatives in the legislature. |
| Which branch of government makes the laws in a presidential system of government? | legislature |
| In a presidential system of government, a president is chosen | In a separate vote from the one that chooses the legislature. |
| What is the role of the president regarding the laws passed by the legislature? A | The president is supposed to enforce those laws. |
| What is one main difference between a president and a prime minister? | A president is in a separate branch of government while a prime minister is a part of the legislature. |
| What is the purpose of the chart? | To explain how power is divided in the government of Japan |
| Which part of the government lead the legislative branch? | The Diet |
| Which best describes the Japanese government? B. theocracy | Theocracy |
| The Japanese parliament is called the _______ | The Diet |
| What role do religions leaders play in the Indian government? | The country has a secular government in order to avoid seeming to favor one group over another. |
| Who is allowed to vote in Indian elections? | All citizens who are 16 years of age or older |
| What sort of government is the People's Republic of China? | communist government |
| What is the name of the elected Chinese legislative assembly? | National People's Congress |
| Who can vote in national elections in China? | all citizens who are over the age of 18 |
| How often are elections for the national government held in India? | Elections for national office are held every five years. |
| Which country is the world's largest democracy? | India |
| Who was Indira Gandhi? | First woman prime minister in India |
| What role do the people play in a government like that of Japan? | The people have the real power in Japan. |
| What was the position of the Japanese emperor before World War II? | He was believed to be a god descended from the sun. |
| What group makes most of the important decisions in the government of the People's Republic of China today? | The Chinese Communist party |
| Who chooses the president and vice-president of the National People's Congress in China? B | The members of the National People's Congress choose them. |
| The premier of the National People's Congress in China is chosen by the ________________ | president. |
| Who was the first leader of the People's Republic of China? | Mao Tse-Tung |
| In a traditional economy, how are economic decisions made? | custom and habit |
| Which would be a problem for a country with a traditional economy? | people need things and are unable to barter to obtain them |
| In a command economy, how are economic decisions made? | government planners |
| In a market economy, how are economic decisions made? | individuals |
| Who takes on the financial risk in starting a new business in a market economy? | individual business people |
| Why do most economies in the world today operate somewhere in between a market economy and a command economy? | Most economies have found they need a mix of free market and some government control to be successful and protect consumers. |
| The economy of China can best be described as | mixed. |
| In the years after the communist revolution, the Chinese government organized farmers into | collective farms. |
| The Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution were examples of China's attempt to | Improve the economy. |
| The purpose of China creating Special Economic Zones was to | increase trade with foreign countries. |
| In the 1970s, China tried to improve the country's economy by announcing which of the following programs? | Four Modernizations |
| Today at least half of China's workers are still involved in | agriculture. |
| The economy of India can best be described as | mixed. |
| The Green Revolution was India's attempt to improve | agriculture. |
| One of the problems resulting from the Green Revolution was | water pollution. |
| One of the most successful parts of India's economy today is | technology and electronics. |
| The economy of Japan can best be described as | mixed. |
| Japan's economy could be classified as | one of the most technologically advanced in the world. |
| The Japanese economy has to make up for the country's lack of | natural resources. |
| Japanese farmers were able to increase the amount of land they had for farming by doing which of the following? | digging terraces in the hillsides |
| What is the job of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (The MITI)? | helping companies decide what products will sell in the global market |
| The economy of North Korea could best be described as mostly | command. |
| Poor decisions made about how to organize farming in North Korea have resulted in many years of | starvation. |
| Most major economic decisions in North Korea are made by | Premier Kim Jong-il |
| Premier Kim Jong-il has spent a great deal of North Korea's money on | the military. |
| What is the definition of "economic specialization"? | producing those goods a country can make most easily so they can trade them for goods made by others that cannot be produced locally |
| Why does economic specialization make trade between countries easier? | Countries can produce those things they make best and trade with others for what they need. |
| What is the definition of a tariff? | a tax placed on goods coming into one country from another |
| What is a quota? | a limit to the number off origin-produced goods that are allowed into the country |
| What is an embargo? | a halt to trade with a particular country for economic or political reasons |
| If a shirt costs 415 Rupees in India, how much would it cost in US dollars? | $10.00 |
| If a gallon of gas cost $4.00 in the United States, what would it cost in China? | 30.44 Yuan |
| Why is it important for nations to have a system to convert from one currency to another? | Converting currency makes it possible to buy and sell goods between nations with different types of money. |
| What is the definition of human capital? | skills and education the workers have |
| What is the definition of gross domestic product (GDP)? | The total value of goods and services a country produces in a year |
| If a country does not invest in its human capital, how can it affect the country's gross domestic product (GDP)? | GDP may go down because poorly trained workers will not be able to do their jobs as well. |
| What percentage of India's population work in agriculture? | over 50 percent |
| Which best describes the majority of the farms in India? | small, family-owned farms |
| How much of India's GDP comes from farming? | 25 percent |
| How was the Green Revolution an example of investment in human capital in India? | Farmers were given training and new technology. |
| How does India rank in the world in terms of industrial production? | India is one of the world's leading industrial countries. |
| What role does the Chinese government play in decisions made about investing in human capital? | The government involvement is important because China is still very much a command economy. |
| How did the Four Modernizations affect Chinese agriculture? | The farmers were given better seed and equipment. |
| How did the Four Modernizations affect Chinese industry? | Many factories began to increase the production of consumer goods that were easier to sell. |
| What was the purpose of China's setting up the four Special Economic Zones? | to act as trade centers for global trade |
| What is one of the most important ways Japan has invested in human capital? | education |
| How do Japanese companies invest in human capital in dealing with their workers? | Companies provide benefits like health care and recreation facilities. |
| The Japanese government promotes the country's industrial growth and development by | working with industry to be sure they are keeping up with world markets and trends. |
| Which is the source of nearly all of Japan's GDP? | industry and services. |
| What are capital goods? | goods and services that are produced for a country's economy |
| Why is investment in capital goods important for a country like Japan? | Japan's economy depends heavily on industry and must be modem to be competitive. |
| India must invest in capital goods to help overcome which problems? | overpopulation and poverty |
| Investment in capital goods has helped China do well in which world markets? | consumer goods |
| Which is an example of a natural resource? | deposit of coal |
| Which is an entrepreneur? | someone who is willing to take a risk to begin a new business investors will make a profit if they support his project |
| What has been the role of entrepreneurship in India? | The country has all sorts of entrepreneurs, both wealthy and those with modest incomes. |
| Who has benefited from the micro-credit industry in India? | rural village men and women who wish to set up small businesses to help their families |
| How has China's attitude toward entrepreneurship changed in the past several decades? | The government has become more open to the idea of allowing some free enterprise. |
| What is the attitude of the Japanese toward entrepreneurship? | A Japan's economic development depends on the creative ideas of the country's entrepreneurs. |
| What is nationalism? | loyalty to a group with whom one shares a common history, culture, and/or religion |
| Indian nationalism in the 1800s began as a reaction to | British rule. |
| Which was one of the early goals of the Indian National Congress? | greater independence from British control |
| Indians helped the British in World War I because they believed it would | encourage the British to grant India greater freedom after the war. |
| People in India were angry about the Rowlatt Act passed by the British in 1919 because it | allowed the government to send Indians to jail without giving them a trial. |
| Which was an effect of the massacre at Amritsar? | Most people were so angry about the killings they became more united against the British. |
| What was Mohandas Gandhi's plan of civil disobedience? | people should refuse to obey a law they felt was unfair |
| Why did the Indians turn down dominion status when it was offered to them in the 1930s? | They wanted total freedom from Great Britain |
| What did Gandhi urge Indians to do during World War ll? | Gandhi did not want Indians to take sides during the war. |
| When independence finally came in 1947, what was it about the decision that made many Indians unhappy? | The country was divided along religious lines. |
| Which new countries were created in addition to independent India? | East and West Pakistan |
| What European power was the colonial ruler of Vietnam in the 1800s and early 1900s? | France |
| What was Vietnam called in the years before World War II? | Indochina |
| The leader of the nationalist movement in Vietnam was | Ho Chi Minh. |
| What was Ho Chi Minh's political party? | Communist Party |
| The goal of Ho Chi Minh's Vietminh League was | independence for Vietnam. |
| Why did the French finally decide to leave Vietnam in 1954? | They could never get military control of the country. |
| What decision was made about Vietnam at the 1954 Geneva Conference? | The country was temporarily divided until elections could be held. |
| What country took over temporary control of the southern part of Vietnam ? | United States |
| Why did the United States finally leave Vietnam in 1975? | It became clear that the Vietnamese wanted to control their own country without foreign advisers or military. |
| When did the United States send marines to Vietnam? | 1965 |
| About how many years passed from the passage of the Tonkin Resolution to the surrender of South Vietnam? | 11 |
| Which is supported by information on the time line? | the Vietnamese fought for independence for nearly 20 years. |
| What was Gandhi's plan to refuse to obey unjust British laws? | disarmament |
| One of Gandhi's main strategies in dealing with the British was to insist his followers use | non-violence |
| Which product did Gandhi boycott? | salt |
| When India became independent, what factor determined where people would live in the new states that were created? | religion |
| Which is the BEST meaning of this quote by Gandhi? | People must act in a way that causes change to improve the world. |
| What V.S. General was given the job of rebuilding Japan after the end of World War II? | Douglas MacArthur |
| What type of government was created for Japan in the years following the war? | constitutional monarchy |
| What was the role of the Japanese emperor in the new government? | His role was mainly ceremonial. |
| What is the name of the Japanese parliament? | the Diet |
| Which requirement is written into the Japanese constitution? | to never declare war on another country |
| Who led the Chinese communists during most of the 20th century? | Mao Zedong |
| When the Nationalist Republic of China was formed in 1929, what happened to Mao's communist supporters? | They were attacked and many were killed. |
| When did Mao and the communists take control of China? | right after World War II |
| Why was the Great Leap Forward unsuccessful? | People wanted to be able to work for themselves and make a profit. |
| What was the period of time called when Mao tried to eliminate anyone that criticized the government? | the Cultural Revolution |
| What was the name of the new army of young people Mao used to enforce his policies in the 1960s? | the Red Guard |
| Which jobs did Mao think would lead China to become most prosperous? | farmers and workers |
| After Mao's death in 1976, who became leader of China? | Den Xiaoping |
| What happened to students in 1989 that were protesting for greater political freedom in Tiananmen Square in Beijing? | They were attacked by Chinese troops and many were killed or arrested. |
| The Tiananmen demonstrators had a statue, Goddess of Democracy, that was modeled after which figure? | the Statue of Liberty |
| At the end of World War II, one of Russia's main goals was to | be sure they would never be attacked again by a Western European country. |
| What did the leaders of the Soviet Union feel would provide the most protection for their country? | having friendly, pro-communist countries along all their borders |
| What was the name given to the disagreements between the United States and the Soviet Union at the end of World War II? | the Cold War |
| How was the country of Korea divided at the end of World War II? | Soviet control in the north; United States control in the south. |
| What was the fear of the United States about both Korea and Vietnam at the end of World War II? | They feared the two countries would become communist. |
| What was the meaning of the Domino Theory? | If one country in a region became communist, others would quickly follow. |
| What has become of the political division of Korea made in 1954? | Korea is still divided between a communist north and a democratic south. |
| What were the objections the United States had to Ho Chi Minh's leadership on Vietnam? C | He was a communist and a threat to the United States interests. |
| What became of United States efforts to prevent Ho Chi Minh from taking over the country of Vietnam and reuniting it as one country? D | American efforts ended in 1975 and Vietnam was united under the government designed by Ho Chi Minh, |
| What is the approximate distance (in miles) from Ho Chi Minh City to Hanoi? | 700 |
| Which country is located at 17°N, 103°E? | Thailand |
| In which direction does the Mekong River generally flow? | north to south |
| Which geographic feature is east of Vinh? | Gulf of Tonkin. |
| Which month is usually the driest in Tokyo, Japan? | December |
| Which is TRUE about the climate in Tokyo, Japan? | Late summer is the hottest and among the wettest times of year. |
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