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Midterm History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who were the three groups that inhabited the Italian Peninsula? | Latins, Greeks and the Etruscans |
| What is a civil war? | a conflict between two political groups within the same country |
| What was a triumvirate? | in ancient Rome, a group of three leaders sharing control of the government |
| Who was Julius Caesar? | a strong leader who was a genius at military strategy who also governed Rome as an absolute ruler |
| What is a bishop? | a high-ranking Christian official who supervises a number of local churches |
| What is a pope? | the bishop of Rome, head of the Roman Catholic Church |
| What did Rome's economy suffer? | inflation, which is a decline in the value of money, accompanied by a rise in the prices of goods and services |
| What did the Roman government do to defend against the threats of the empire? | The government began to recruit mercenaries who were foreign soldiers who fought for money |
| What is Greco-Roman culture? | an ancient culture that developed from a blending of Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman Cultures |
| Romans borrowed much of their philosophy from who? | the Greeks |
| What is the holy book of Islam? | The Qur'an |
| Who is the leader of religious services for Islam? | There is no real leader. An Imam or Muezzin is the person who leads the faithful in prayer. |
| Who is Muhammad to Muslims? | The last and greatest prophet |
| Who became the first caliph or successor? | Abu-Bakr who was a loyal friend of Muhammad |
| Who's rule was called a caliphate? | The four "rightly guided" caliphs |
| What does the word jhad mean? | It means "striving" and can refer to the inner struggle against evil |
| There is no separation between which two features of civilization in the Islamic religion? | Religion and government |
| What does Islam mean? | To submit to God |
| What did Muslim centers of learning advance in? | Medicine, literature, science and mathematics |
| Muslim artists expanded by adopting what? | calligraphy |
| What was Justinian's code of law? | a body of civil law created by Emperor Justinian for the Byzantine Empire |
| What did Justinian successfully rebuild? | The church of Hagia Sophia and the city of Constantinople |
| What destroyed a huge amount of the Byzantine population? | The Plague |
| When the Church split, what were the two parts it split into? | Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic church |
| Who were the two groups that had the greatest impact on the development of Russia? | The Slavs and the Vikings |
| Who were the rulers of the Muslim Empire? | The Abbasids |
| What title did Ivan III also have? | czar |
| What reigion did the Seljuks convert to? | Islam |
| The Persian culture most influenced who? | the Seljuks |
| The Byzantines and the Mongols most influenced the development of what civilization? | Russia |
| What invention did the most to end the Middle Ages? | the development of the longbow |
| What was the effect the Second Agricultural Revolution had on medieval society? | it increased population due to the growing of more crops |
| How did the Great Schism come to an end? | when all three of the popes were forced to resign and a new pope was elected |
| What was the main effect of the Commercial Revolution? | more money was available for building businesses |
| What did the decisions of the English royal courts of justice create? | English Common Law |
| What function did the craft guilds not perform? | they didn't allow borrowing or loaning of money |
| What did William the Conqueror lead? | the Norman conquest of England |
| What is an association of people who work at the same occupation or profession? | a guild |
| Who was the pope that issued the First Crusade? | Urban II |
| What did the Magna Carta guarantee? | basic legal rights |
| At what age was a squire raised to the rank of a knight? | 21 |
| Who did a knight fight for? | his heavenly lord, his feudal lord, and his lady |
| What were serfs? | people who were bound to the land of the lord and could not lawfully leave the place of which they were born |
| Who were the Franks? | Germanic people in power in the Roman province of Gaul |
| What did the Treaty of Verdun do? | it ended the civil war in the empire established by Charlemagne and divided the empire into three kingdoms |
| What did Clovis do? | he was the leader who brought and spread Christianity to the Franks |
| During the Middle Ages, who were the lowest ranking members of the clergy? | priests |
| What was Henry IV's punishment for defying the pope? | excommunication |
| What was the practice of the appointment of church officials by kings and nobles? | lay investiture |
| What was the concept of feudalism? | it was a system of loyalties and protection based on mutual obligations |
Created by:
cbeutel
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