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Human Development
Theories of Human Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sigmund Freuds 2 divisions ? | *Consciousness (conscious, preconscious, unconscious).....*Personality (Superego, Id, Ego) |
| How we keep our non-normal thoughts or actions in our unconscious ? | *Defense Mechanisms |
| Mature Defense Mechanisms ? | Altruism , Humor, Sublimation, Suppression |
| Immature Defense Mechanisms ? | * Acting Out, Denial, Displacement, Dissociation, Identification, Intellectualization, Isolation of affect, Projection, Rationalization, Reaction Formation, Regression , Somatization, Splitting, Undoing |
| Altruism and humor ? | *Altruism- Helping others to avoid negative emotions ........* Humor- Talking or joking about something painful or unpleasant in a way that makes self or others laugh |
| Sublimation and Suppression ? | *Sublimation- Channeling an unacceptable drive or desire into a socially acceptable format. ......* Suppression- Deliberately putting aside (“sweeping under the rug”, “bottling it all up”) unwanted feelings without becoming totally unaware of them. |
| Immature - Acting Out, Denial, and Displacement ? | *Acting Out- Avoid feelings by attention-getting, inappropriate behavior ....* Denial- Not believing personally intolerable facts about reality ....* Displacement- Transfer emotions from an unacceptable to acceptable person or object. |
| Dissociation, Identification, Intellectualization ? | *Dissociation- Separation of function of mental processes ...*Identification- Imitating someone who is more powerful. ....* Intellectualization- Using higher mental functions to avoid emotions |
| Isolation of Affect, Projection, and Rationalization ? | *Isolation of affect- Fail to experience powerful feelings even though understanding the event. ....* Projection- Attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings to others ....* Rationalization- Giving reasonable explanations for unacceptable feelings. |
| Reaction Formation, Regression ? | *Reaction Formation- Denying unacceptable feelings and adopting opposite attitudes....* Regression- Appearance of childlike patterns of behavior during stressful situations. |
| Splitting and Undoing ? | * Splitting- Believing people or events are either all bad or all good because of intolerance of ambiguity. ....* Undoing- Erasing an unacceptable event in the past by adopting acceptable behavior in the present (superstitious behavior). |
| Somatization ? | * Somatization- Turning an unacceptable impulse or feeling into a physical symptom. |
| Erik Eriksons Theory ? | * Stage Theory of Identity |
| 1st year of life ? | *Trust vs. Mistrust |
| 2nd year ? | *Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt |
| 3 - 5 years of life ? | *Initiative vs. Guilt |
| 6 yr to puberty ? | *Industry vs. Inferiority |
| Adolescense ? | *Identity vs. Role Confusion |
| Early Adulthood ? | *Intimacy vs. Isolation |
| Middle Age ? | *Generativity vs. Stagnation |
| Aging Years ? | *Ego Integrity vs. Despair |
| Jean Piagets Theory ? | *Developmental Stage Theory |
| Birth to 18 months ? | *Sensorimotor Period - coordination of sensory input to motor responses |
| 18 months to 7 years ? | * early thought development stage - kid got shot after Dr used an otoscope, so now thinks a shot always follows an otoscope exam |
| 7 years to Adolescence ? | *Concrete Operational Period - |
| Adolescence to Adults ? | *Formal Operational Period - ideas and logical thinking |
| Learning from the environment ? | * Nonassociative Learning |
| Types of Nonassociative Learning ? | * Habituation: decline in to the repeated presentation of a stimulus. In vivo desensitization ....* Sensitization: augmentation of a response because of repeated stimuli ....* Imitative Learning (Modeling): Imitative or observational learning |
| Associative Learning ? | *Classical Conditioning .... *Operant Conditioning |
| Concept of Extinction ? | * After awhile, the association will diminish if it is not reinforced....Ex. The dog salivating over the bell bc he associated it with meat. After a while, if no meat is given, the dog will stop salivating after hearing the bell after a while |
| Resistance to Extinction ? | * Some associations are more resistant to extinction than others - like someone not being able to drink a certain drink bc they got too sick off of it once |
| Operant Conditioning Reinforcement Schedules ? | Reinforcement is presented after :....*Fixed ratio: a certain # of behaviors ....*Fixed interval: a certain amount of time ....*Variable ratio: a variable # of behaviors ....* Variable interval: a variable amount of time |
| Hardest Reinforcement schedules to break/ leads to gambling issues ? | * Variable Ratio |
| Genetics in Behavior: Concordance Rates ? | * compare similarity for a trait between a person who has the trait and another person of some determined relationship to the “proband”......monozygotic twins show higher rates of similarity |
| Temperament: Behavioral Style 9 parts ? | * Activity level , Rhythmicity , Tendency to approach vs. Withdrew from new situations , Adaptability , Responsiveness , Intensity , Quality of mood , Distractibility , Attention Span |
| 3 Attachment Styles ? | Secure Child , Insecure Avoidant, Insecure Ambivalent |
| Secure Child ? | * references parent and seeks proximity when stranger enters, may be upset upon parental departure, seeks parent upon return |
| Insecure Avoidant Child ? | * does not reference parent or seek proximity when stranger enters, not upset at separation, no response to parental return |
| Insecure Ambivalent Child ? | * references parent and seeks proximity when stranger enters, upset upon parental departure, difficult to console upon return |
Created by:
thamrick800
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