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WH: Renaissance, etc
Renaissance thru Exploration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cultural movement and historic era that spanned the 14th through the 17th centuries; began in Florence; resurgence of learning based on Greek and Roman classical sources | RENAISSANCE |
| Where did the Renaissance begin? | FLORENCE, ITALY |
| Holy wars that were a cause of the Renaissance | CRUSADES |
| writers and scholars who celebrated lving and the individual | HUMANISTS |
| one of the first humanist who was a scholar and teacher; wrote Sonnets to Laura | PETRARCH |
| diplomat and historian who wrote The Prince; believed the ends justified the means and that a ruler should do whatever was necessary to maintain control | MACHIAVELLI |
| most famous book of the Renaissance | The Book of the Courtier |
| wrote The Book of the Courtier | CASTIGLIONE |
| How did Medieval art differ from Renaissance art? | MEDIEVAL = Church & Salvation RENAISSANCE - Individual & Worldly Matters |
| artistic techniques were used by Renaissance artists to give depth to paintings | PERSPECTIVE, FRESCOES |
| Name the major Italian Renaissance artists | Michaelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Donatello |
| this invention spread the ideas of the Renaissance | PRINTING PRESS |
| inventor of the printing press | GUTENBERG |
| he was the most influential humanist of NORTHERN Europe; he criticized the Church for lack of spirituality | ERASMUS |
| an ideal society | UTOPIA |
| he was executed by Henry VIII; wrote Utopia | THOMAS MORE |
| he was the most famous literary figure of the Renaisaance | SHAKESPEARE |
| the religious revolution that split the Christian Church in western Europe and created a number of new religions | PROTESTANT REFORMATION |
| selling pardons for sins | INDULGENCES |
| he was a Catholic priest who posted the 95 Theses which challenged Tetzel's selling of indulgences; he considered the Bible the true authority on religious matters; considered a heretic and excommunicated | MARTIN LUTHER |
| this Protestant religion was caused by a political break with the Catholic Church, due to Hanry VIII's wish to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon | ANGLICAN CHURCH |
| king whoo established the Church of England (Anglican) Church | HENRY VIII |
| this Protestant religion relied on faith, the Bible and predestination (the elect had been chosen by God for salvation | CALVINISM |
| French Calvinists | HUGUENOTS |
| English Calvinists | PURITANS |
| an attempt by the Roman Catholic Church to stop the spread of Protestanism; used the Inquisition, List of Banned Books, etc | COUNTER REFORMATION |
| transformation in thinking that occurred in the 1500's and 1600's--used scientific observation, experimentation and the questioning of traditional beliefs | SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION |
| earth as the center of the universe | GEOCENTRIC |
| sun as the center of the universe | HELIOCENTRIC |
| Greek scientist who described earth as center of universe | PTOLEMY |
| Polish scientist who theorized the sun was the center of the universe | COPERNICUS |
| scientist who constructed the first telescope | GALILEO |
| English scientist who developed laws of motion and concept of Universal Gravitation | SIR ISAAC NEWTON |
| leader of the Scientific REvolution; "I think therefore I am" | DESCARTES |
| knowledge through experience | EMPIRICISM |
| this concept states that no assumption (hypothesis) should be trusted unless it can be proven by repeatable experiments | SCIENTIFIC METHOD |
| belief that a country's government should do all it can to increase its wealth, which is measured by the amount of gold and silver possessed | MERCANTILISM |
| export more than one imports | FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE |
| Portuguese sailor who explored the African coast and established a school for explorations | PRINCE HENRY |
| explorer who rounded the Cape of Good Hope | BARTOLOMEU DIAS |
| explorer who crossed the Indian Ocean to reach the Far East (India) | VASCO DAGAMA |
| explorer who sailed west from Europe in 1492 to reach India, but found the islands of the Caribbean (Bahamas); landed at San Salvador | COLUMBUS |
| transfer of ideas and products between the Old World (Europe) and the New World (Americas) | COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE |
| his ships were the first to circumnavigate the globe | MAGELLAN |
| principle that a powerful nation can dominate the political, economic, cultural affairs of another country | IMPERIALISM |
| practice of a powerful nation dominating the affairs of another nations | COLONIALISM |
| system of trade involving three stages (Europe, Africa, the Colonies), including the slave trade (Middle Passage) | TRIANGLE TRADE |
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