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BBC Pharm
Ch. 7 Penicillins
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| are penicillins bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic? | bactericidal. They are only active against acively growing organisms. |
| Describe how penicillins work. | they interfere with the last step of cell wall synthesisis in three ways. |
| describe the three ways penicillins interfere with cell wall synthesis | bind to BPB (naturally occur in periplasmic membrane), inhibit transpeptidase, induce autolysins |
| what are the naturally occuring (first generation) penicillins? | penicillin G and V |
| what are the second generation penicillins also known as? | beta lactamase penicillins. they are good for bacteria that have developed resistance through posession of the enzyme beta lactamase (which lyses the beta lactam ring of penicillin). |
| beta lactamase is also known as what? | penicillinase |
| list the second generatin penicillins | methicillin, dicloxacillin, oxacillin, afcillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin, flucloxacillin |
| what are the third generation penicillins also known as? what do they target? | broad spectrum penicillins, they target gram negatives AND gram positives |
| third generation penicillins are often mixed with what to work against many bacteria? name some third generation penicillins | they are mixed with beta lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid or sulbactam. examples are ampicillin, amoxacillin |
| extended spectrum penicillins are also termed what? | antipseudomonal penicillins, because they part particularly well suited to target infections with pseudomonas Aeruginosa |
| list the extended spectrum penicillins | carbenicillin, pipercillin, ticarcillin. they enter the bacteria through pores |
| why don't all penicillins affect gram negatives? | gram negatives will not allow penicillins to enter themselves, but some have pores through which penicillins can enter |
| why do some bacteria have beta lactamases and others of the same species do not? | because beta lactamase is only produced in bacteria that have the gene for it. They can get this gene by acquiring a plasmid that contains the gene from another bacteria |
| list some side effects of penicillins | anaphylactic shock, seizures, angioedema, maculopapular rash, diarrhea |
| how are all penicillins except nafcillin excreted? | renally |
| how is nafcillin excreted? | biliary route |
| patients allergic to penicillin are typically given what? | erythromycin (A macrolide, which is a protein synthesis inhibitor) |
Created by:
aferdo01
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