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Physiological
Pysiological Responses and Adaptations to Exercise
System | Acute Responses | Chronic Adaptations |
---|---|---|
Skeletal | Decrease in viscosity of synovial fluid | Increased tendon strength, Increased thickness of cartilage at the joints, Increased bone density. |
Muscular | Increased production of energy (ATP) at the muscle cell, Increase in muscle temperature, Increased blood flow to exercising muscles | Increased strength and endurance levels in muscle, Increased muscle size, Increased ability to utilize oxygen |
Cardiovascular | Increased cardiac output, Decreased blood flow to areas of low activity, Increased risk of blood pooling | Decreased resting heart rate, Increased size and strength of heart, Decreased blood pressure |
Respiratory | Increased depth and rate of respiration, Increased exchanges of gasses in the lungs | Decreased speed and increased depth of resting respiration rate, Increased number of capillary beds for exchange of gases. |
Digestive | Decreased blood flow to organs of the digestive system | Increased mobility in the intestine promotes regularity |
Metabolic factors | Maintain or increase basal metabolic rate | Decreased total cholesterol, Increased HDL cholesterol, Decreased LDL cholesterol |
Nervous | No significant or immediate effects, Increased nerve impulses | Improved reaction time, Increased sense of perception of movement |