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AP World Chapter 4
Chapter 4 Flash cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Helots | conquered people in Sparta |
| Solon | leader who emerged to push Athenian politics in a more democratic direction. |
| Hellenistic era | the period in which Greek culture flourished |
| Punic wars | three major wars between Rome and Carthage |
| Patricians | wealthy, privileged Romans |
| Caesar Augustus | nephew and adopted son of Julius Caesar |
| Pax Romana | Roman peace |
| Wendi | Sui emporor |
| Wudi | Han emperor, civil service exam |
| Yellow turban rebellion | peasant revolt, lead to the fall of the Han |
| Eunuchs | castrated court officials |
| Xiongu | nomadic people north of the great wall of China |
| Aryans | Indo-Euro pastoralists who moved into India |
| Ashoka | ruler of Mauryan empire, converted to Buddhism |
| Athenian Democracy | Radical form of direct democracy, free males ruled |
| Cyrus | founder of the Persian empire |
| Herodotus | Greek historian, "father of history" |
| hoplite | heavily armed Greek infantryman |
| Ionia | territory of Greek settlements on the coast of Anatolia |
| Mandate of heaven | Ideological underpinning of Chinese emperors |
| Persepolis | Capital of the Persian empire |
| What is an empire, and what does it do? | State that exercises coercive power |
| How was Athenian democracy different? | Direct democracy |
| Direct democracy | Everyone votes on everything |
| What did Greek victory against Persia do for Athenian democracy? | Gave poor men full citizenship |
| What changes did Alexander's conquests make? | Spread Greek culture to Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, and India. |
| What else? | Start of the Hellenistic era. |
| Hellenistic era | Greece's golden age |
| What happened to Alexander's empire when he died? | It was split into two parts |
| How did Rome differ from China? | Rule of law, Basic rights to all, System protected lower classes |
| What was the key to Rome's success? | It's army. Well trained, well fed, well something |
| What eventually happened to Western Europe after the collapse of the Roman Empire? | Decentralized system with kings, nobles, vassals. |
| Why were Europeans unable to reconstruct something of the unity of their classical empire while China did? | Europe was culturally and linguistically more diverse than China. |
| The Roman Empire didn't have strong bureaucratic traditions like China did in their many dynasties that came and went | The Roman catholic church was often at odds with individual states |
| Why were centralized empires so much less prominent in India than in China? | India began fragmented, it was much more diverse, and it was often invaded by outsiders |
| Sugar cane | Started in New Guinea, crystallized by Indians |
| Long distance trade routes were another change of the 2nd and 3rd wave civs | Indian Ocean, Sahara, East Woodlands of NA |
| Common classical empire problems | Would they try to impose their culture on varied subjects? |
| Would they rule conquered people directly or through local elites? | How should they extract wealth while maintaining order? |
| What kept the Persian empire together? | violent punishments by king, effective administrative system |
| respect for non-Persian cultural traditions, standardized coinage, predictable taxes | encouragement of communication and commerce |
| What did early Greece have? | Tyrants, supported by the poor |
| What was Sparta? | An oligarchy, ran by a council of elders |
| Alexander | When he took Egypt, he was named Pharaoh, created the "library" at Alexandria |
| Chinese dynasties | Shang, Zhou, Warring states, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Sung, Yuan, Ming, Qing Republic, Mao Zedong, De |
| Qin | Reunited china, very strict, burned books/ killed scholars, standardized everything |
| Why do empires fall? | They become to big to rule, tax problems, invaders, etc. |
| What happens when they fall? | decline of urban life, pop decline, reduction of trade, insecurity |
| Indian empires | not as big of a deal as other places, started in north India, UBER diverse |
| What did trade lead to in Mauryan India? | Spread of Hinduism, Buddhism, astronomy, and math. Spread by merchants on roads built by Ashoka |
Created by:
GarrettBaldwin
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