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Endocrine System

Student notes of endocrine system

QuestionAnswer
The endocrine system affects (5 things) growth, development, conducting sexual activity, health for entire body, assists nervous system
Glands are... specialized organs that vary in size and function, act as chemical factories, remove certain chemicals from the blood
Exocrine glands are... duct glands
Endocrine glands are... ductless glands, rely on the blood and lymph circulation to carry secretions to tissues
Non steroidal hormones are... amino acid based molecules
Steroidal hormones are... made from good cholesterol
Target cells or target organs are... a given hormone that affects only certain tissue cells or organs
Major endocrine glands...(9) pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid, adrenal gland, pineal gland, thymus gland, pancreas, gonads, hypothalimis gland
Pituitary gland aka... master gland
Anterior pituitary glands (6)... ACTH, TSH, FSH, GH, LH, Lactogenic Hormone
Posterior Pituitary glands...(2) ADH and Oxytocin
ACTH.... adrenocorticotropin hormone, stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortical hormones protecting body during stress
TSH... thyroid stimulating hormone, stimulates the thyroid to produce thyroxin (growth)
FSH... follical stimulating hormone, stimulates growth and hormone activity of ovarian follicles, growth of testes and development of sperm
GH... growth hormone, promotes growth in all body tissue
LH... luteinizing hormone, causes development of the corpus luteum at the site of the ruptured ovarian follicle in females and stimulates the secretion of testosteron
Lactogenic Hormone stimulates the secretion of milk by mammary glands
ADH... antidiurtic hormone, stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb more water, reducing urine output
Oxytocin... causes milk ducts to contract in mammary glands, causes veins to contract
Pitocin... given to induce labor
Disorders of pituitary gland (2) hyperpituitarism = gigantism, acromegaly, hypopituitarism = inhibits secretion of all target glands, hinders growth and development
Three thyroid hormones... thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), calcitonin (controls calcim levels in blood)
Disorders of thyroid gland... hyperthyroidism = goiter ---> enlarged thyroid, Graves Disease ----> includes strained tense facial expression and bulging eyes, hypothyroidism = cretinism causes dwarfism
Parathyroid glands... secretes parathormone = regulates blood calcium levels
Disorders of parathyroid glands, hyperparathyroidism = loss of calcim from bones, bones brittle, develop kidney stones Hypoparathyroidism = low blood calcium levels tetany common
Things about thymus...(4) located behind sternum, active until puberty, then diminishes, stiumulates lymphoid tissue to produce lympohcytes, supports immune system
Glands in endocrine system have both endo and exocrine.... pancreas, gonads
Islets of Langerhans... specialized cells that produce insulin and glucagon secreted directly into blood stream
Insulin... regulates the movement of glucose across cell membrane DECREASING blood glucose levels
Glucagon... stimulates the liver to release glucose INCREASING blood glucose levels
Diabetes mellitus... disorder of islets of langerhans, body cannot process glucose for metabolic use...commonly known as diabetes
Adrenal glands broken into two parts... adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
Adrenal cortex produces (3) hormones... cortisol (aids in metabolism of carbs, proteins and fats), aldosterone (aides in regulating electrolytes) and sex hormones (influences secondary sex characteristics)
Adrenal medulla produces...(1) epinephrine/nor epinephrine (increases blood pressure and heart rate by activating cells of the sympathetic nervous system
Disorders of adrenal glands (2) Hyperadrenalism = cushing's syndrome (overactive secretion of glucocorticoid hormones, results in muscle weakness, elevated blood sugar, hypertension and arteriosclerosis, Hypoadrenalism = Addison's disease
Sex glands are both... duct and ductless
progesterone... prepares the uterine lining for implantation of fertilized egg and aids in maintaining pregnancy
Created by: Synergy Healing
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