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middle age
Term | Definition |
---|---|
the franks | germanic people from Gaul (modern day france and switzerland) |
monasteries | religious communities built by the church for men (monks) |
convents | religious communities built by the church for women (nuns) |
secular | worldly (involved in politics and other social matters) |
the papacy | the office of the pope |
tithe | church tax |
clergy | different ranks of church leaders including priests, bishops, cardinals, and the pope |
lay investiture | a ceremony in which kings and nobles appointed church officials |
sacraments | important religious ceremonies |
simony | selling of church positions |
canon law | church law |
heretic | anyone who does not conform to an established attitude, doctrine, or principle |
feudalism | social structure in medieval Europe including lords, knights, vassals, serfs, and sometimes a king |
manor | (in feudalism) the lords estate |
chivalry | complex set of ideals or code by which medieval knights followed |
crusade | A holy warlaunched by PopeUrban II to reclaimthe Holy Land forChristians. |
common law | Unified body of lawin England formedby England’s royaljudges. |
parliament | Legislative group inEngland originallycomprised of twoburgesses (citizens ofwealth and property)from every boroughand two knights fromevery county. |
magna carta | Document drawn upby English noblesand approved byKing John whichguaranteed certainpolitical rights for thepeople. |
estates general | Meeting of the threeestates in France: 1stwas the Churchleaders, 2nd was thegreat lords, and the3rd was thecommoners. |