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Anthro 1: Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plasticity | Ability to adapt physiologically to the environment. ex acclimatization |
| Homeostasis | stability within a biological system, like equilirium |
| vasodilation | widening of blood vessels to cool the body. -exercise, anger, alcohol, weed apparently |
| vasoconstriction | narrowing of blood vessels to retain heat -caffeine, fear, shock, visine |
| Acclimatization | (form of plasticity) ability to adapt to a new altitude, climate, temperature... |
| Developmental Acclimatization | permanent plasticity occurs during growth. Barrel shaped chest to have bigger lungs |
| stress | Any factor disrupting homeostasis Body must react to return to stability |
| endemic | Disease growing or existing in a certain place or environment. |
| Pandemic | an occurrence in which a disease spreads very quickly and affects a large number of people over a wide area or throughout the world |
| epidemic | an occurrence in which a disease spreads very quickly and affects a large number of people |
| chromosomal sex | xx, xy |
| anatomical sex | a classification of sex based on the sexual differentiation of the primary gonads. |
| hormonal sex | a contributory assignment of sex on the basis of adequate levels of estrogen and androgen for the development of typical phenotypic secondary sex characteristics |
| epidemiological transitions | health status of the population, population growth, population longevity, and economic investment are all interacting variables in a dynamic system (model) which undergoes a phase transition at various thresholds. |
| Bergmanns rule | body size tends to be greater in populations with colder climates. As mass increases, relative surface area decreases. |
| Allens rule | In colder climates, shorter appendages are more adaptive |
| Complications to Bergmann’s & Allen’s Rules | Migration Diet, lifestyle Genetic drift Cultural adaptations Mainly works under severe cold conditions |
| hypertension | abnormally high blood pressure |
| superkidneys | ? when a kidney is donated the remaining grows and serves as good as 2 adequate ones. |
| middle passage | triangle slave trade |
| pathogen | infectious agent (colloquially known as a germ) - a microorganism, in the widest sense such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus, that causes disease in its host |
| melanin | the biggest skin pigment, it is a protective shield against UVR, helps prevent skin cancer or burns |
| rickets | a disease of children caused by vitamin D deficiency, characterized by imperfect calcification, softening, and distortion of the bones typically resulting in bow legs. |
| folate | Folic acid, one of the B vitamins that is a key factor in the synthesis (the making) of nucleic acid (DNA and RNA).A deficiency of folic acid after birth causes a kind of anemia,can cause spina bifada (a neural tube defect) or anencephaly in birthdefects |
| vitamin D | Regulates/ promotes calcium and phosphorus(very important. sunlight the biggest producer, fatty fish, and some dairy products. |
| skin color | determined by melanin and other pigments. correlates to the geographic distribution of UV radiation. Adapted to fit geographic ancestry... |
| endogamy | Endogamy is the practice of marrying within a specific ethnic group, class, or social group, rejecting others on such basis as being unsuitable for marriage |
| unnatural selection | the process by which humans breed other animals and plants for particular traits. |
| founder effect | loss of genetic variation when new pop is formed by few individuals from a larger pop.result in loss of genetic vari-, new pop may be distinct, both geno- and phenotypically, also thought to lead to the speciation and ensuing evolution of new species. |
| migration | joining other populations from previous, gene flow |
| menarche | first occurrence of menstruation |
| menopause | time when body stops having menstruation and loses ability to have child. |
| origin of race concept | colonial social construct, helped rationalize slavery and treatment. Based off hierarchical list starting with god that someone made a long time ago |
| variations within races | intermixing has constantly kept gene pool diverse and no genetic borders can make a race because so much variations make it impossible |
| factors influencing adult height | Genes, environment, nutrition/healthcare |
| types of diseases | Cancer, viral, bacterial, sexually transmitted, autoimmune, heart, digestive, thyroid, blood, neurodegenerative |
| pathogens? | Autism, ADD, autoimmune, cancer, ibs, epilepsy, obesity..... |
| vector | an organism, typically a biting insect or tick, that transmits a disease or parasite from one animal or plant to another |
| cdc/who | center of disease control, and world health organization |
| hyponatremia | is an electrolyte disturbance in which the sodium ion concentration in the plasma is lower than normal. and too much water screwing up sodium to water ratio |
| hypoxia | is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply |
| + |
Created by:
corylewis
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