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Introduction to A&P
Chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is anatomy | the study of a body or organism's gross structure |
| What is physiology | the science and study of the functions of vital processes mechanisms and functions of an organ or system of organs. |
| What is kinesiology | the scientific study of muscular activity and the anatomy physiology and mechanics of movement |
| What is histology | a form of microscopic anatomy. It is a branch of biology that studies microscopic structures of tissues and living organisms |
| What is pathology | the study of the structural and functional changes caused by disease |
| Why is anatomy and physiology important to massage | thereputic massage directly affects the structure and function of the body understanding the relation between structure and function increases the therapist's ability to improve function through specific touch |
| what is homeostasis | the balance achieved in the body's internal environment |
| why is homeostasis needed | external stresses placed on the body move the body out of balance, which can lead to disease |
| what are signs of disease | scientifically observable indications of a diseased state, fever abnormal heart rate or skin color, sweating |
| what are symptoms of disease | manifestations of the diseased state perceived by the victim of a condition, cannot be measured by a doctor, dizziness, chills, pain, numbness or fatigue |
| what is stress | any psychological or physical situation or condition that causes tension or strain on the body, can be positive or negative moves the body away from homeostasis |
| what is pain | primary sensation indicating tissue damage or destruction somewhere in the body |
| what is ischemia | reduced blood flow to an area |
| What is an infection | most common cause of disease in humans is the invasion of the body by harmful micro organisms ex bacteria, viruses fungi |
| what is inflammation | destruction of healthy tissue will result in inflammation which is a protective tissue ersponse characterized by swelling, heat redness and pain |
| Sagittal or Parasagittal | divides the body into unequal left and right halves |
| Midsagittal or Median | the plane that runs along the midline and divides the body into equal right and left halves |
| Coronal or Frontal | the plane that divides the body into Anterior and Posterior halves |
| Transverse or Cross Horizontal | the plane that divides the body or a limb into Superior and Inferior halves, not necessary equal |
| Superior | Above |
| Cranial | Toward the head |
| Inferior | lower than another structure |
| Caudal | refers to a structure being closer to the feet |
| Anterior | refers to a structure being more in front than another structure |
| Ventral | pertaining to organs found in the front |
| Posterior | refers to a structure being more in the back than another structure |
| Dorsal | pertaining to the organs found in the back |
| Medial | towards the midline, closer to the median plane than another structure |
| Lateral | away from the midline, being farther away from the mdian plane than another structure |
| Proximal | nearest to the point of attachment (trunk) LIMBS ONLY, closer to the root of the limb than another structure |
| Distal | farthest from the point of attachment (trunk) LIMBS ONLY further away from the root of the limb than another structure IN THAT LIMB |
| Dorsal Cavity 2 parts | cranial (brain) and Spinal (spinal cord) |
| Ventral Cavity 3 parts | thoracic cavity (heart lungs) abdominal cavity (liver large intestine) pelvic (reproductive, rectum) |
| Frontal | Forehead |
| Temporal | temples |
| cervical | neck |
| deltoid | shoulder |
| brachial | arm between the elbow and the shoulder |
| axillary | armpit |
| hypochondrium | below the ribs |
| umbilical | naval |
| hypogastric | below umbilical region |
| patellar | knee |
| femoral | thigh |
| inguinal | groin |
| epigastric | above the umbilical region |
| pectoral | chest |
| parietal | part of the head that yamaka sits on |
| mastoid | behind the ear |
| cervical | neck |
| scapular | shoulder blade |
| lumbar | lower back |
| gluteal | buttocks |
| popliteal | behind the knee |
| Head divided 2 parts | cranium (brain) and face, eyes nose and mouth |
| Spine | supports the head and trunk of the body, spinal cord |
| Trunk divided 3 parts | thorax -- upper part of the trunk containing the ribs, lungs, heart, espohagus and part of trachea, abdomen and pelvic cavity |
| Upper extremities contain... | shoulders, arms wrist and hands |
| Lower extremities contain... | hip, thigh, legs, ankles and feet |
Created by:
Synergy Healing
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