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BMMS Egypt
BMMS Egypt Ch. 4 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cataract | a series of waterfalls along the Nile River |
| delta | the area near a river's mouth where the water deposits fine soil or silt |
| silt | fine soil deposited by a river |
| fertile | rich soil good for growing crops |
| linen | a type of fabric woven from the flax plant |
| scribe | a person whose job is to write and keep records |
| hieroglyph | a picture that stands for a word or letter |
| papyrus | a paperlike material made from a reed plant of the same name |
| afterlife | life that takes place in another world after death |
| embalm | to preserve a body after death |
| mummy | a body that has been dried so it won't decay |
| dynasty | line of rulers from the same family |
| succession | the order in which members of a royal family inherit the throne |
| pharaoh | the title of the king of Egypt means "Great House" |
| step pyramid | a pyramid with sides that rise in a series of steps |
| Khufu | the pharaoh who built the Great Pyramid at Giza |
| obelisk | a four-sided shaft with a pyramid shaped top |
| Ramses II | the pharaoh who ruled Egypt from 1279 to 1213 B.C. and created a stable empire |
| limestone | a type of sedimentary rock used to build the pyramids in Egypt |
| Valley of the Kings | burial site for pharaohs during the New Kingdom |
| Rosetta Stone | a stone slab, found in 1799 near Rosetta, bearing parallel inscriptions in Greek, Egyptian hieroglyphic, and demotic characters, making possible the decipherment of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics. |
| ankh | a cross with a loop on top which stands for everlasting peace |
| Great Pyramid | the largest of the pyramids at Giza, built by the pharaoh Khufu |
| natron | a mixture of salt and baking soda used during the mummification process |
| amulet | a piece of jewelry worn to ward off evil spirits |
| Sphinx | a figure of an imaginary creature having the head of a man or an animal and the body of a lion. |
| shaduf | a mechanism for raising water, consisting of a pivoted pole with a bucket at one end and a counterweight at the other, used to bring water to crops |
| Nile | the longest river in the world, 4160 miles long |
| black land | the narrow band of fertile land bordering the sides of the Nile River |
| red land | the barren desert beyond the fertile regions |
| King Djoser | this pharaoh built the step pyramid |
| Thutmose III | a pharaoh who conquered the Middle East, stepson to Hatshepsut |
| Akhenaton | this pharaoh replaced the Egyptian gods with a sun disc called the Aton. Father to King Tutankhamen. |
| polytheism | the belief in many gods |
| nilometer | the method the Egyptians used to measure the rise and fall of the Nile River |
| King Menes (Narmer) | a legendary king who united Upper and Lower Egypt into one kingdom |
| cartouche | a oval figure that encloses the name of a royal personage |
| canopic jars | jars used to hold the organs of a mummified body |
| Book of the Dead | a book containing magic spells, prayers, hymns, and formulas to guide the soul in the afterlife |
| pyramid | A structure with four triangular sides that meet at a point. Used as a burial chamber for a pharaoh. |
| Hatshepsut | first female pharaoh, increased the power of Egypt through trade and built many obelisks. |
| Jean Francois Champollion | He deciphered the Rosetta Stone allowing us to read hieroglyphics. |
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