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HIST121 Test 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Crete | -large island -earliest civilization of Greece -Bronze Age civilization -collapse caused by tsunami |
| Polis | -political unit where all major functions are carried out -had city and surrounding countryside |
| Mycenae | -a center in civilization -powerful monarchies based in palace complexes |
| Persians | -tried to overtake the Athenians in Marathon |
| Homer | -Wrote Iilad and Odyssey -passed down from generation to generation -poet |
| Philip of Macedonia | built and efficient army and had strongest power in the Greek world |
| democracy | -started in Athens -power was in hands of male citizens |
| Peloponnesian wars | -between Athens and Sparta -couldn't tolerate each others systems -lasted 27yrs |
| Thucydides | -considered greatest historian of the ancient world -wrote History of the Peloponnesian War |
| Alexander the Great | -asserted his authority, secured Macedonian frontiers and stopped a rebellion in Greece -tried to invade the Persian Empire |
| Sparta | -wanted more land and got it by conquering new areas |
| Acropolis | -building that is used as place of refuge during attack -in center of polis |
| Spartan kings | -Two of them, responsible for military affairs and leaders of army |
| Hellenistic art | -ideal person |
| Marathon | 26 miles from Athens, where Athenians fought Persians |
| Solon | reform minded aristocrat cancelled all land debt, outlawed new loans, freed slaved people |
| Delean League | defensive alliance, defeated Persians |
| Oracle of Delphi | -shrine dedicated to a god or goddess who revealed future -a priestess would listen to questions and got answers from Apollo |
| Helots | -people captured and made to work for Spartans |
| Seven Hills of Rome | protected the empire |
| Hannibal | -greatest of the Carthaginian generals -started second Punic War -planned to defeat Romans in their own backyard |
| Roads/Aqueducts | built mostly by good emperors |
| Barbarians | Those who aren't considered Roman citizens |
| Gladiators | fought till the death as form of entertainment |
| Etruscans | -influenced Rome -responsible for outstanding building program |
| Twelve tablets | First code of laws that was designed for simple farming society |
| Latin language | reached high point during age of Augustus |
| "Bad" Emperors | Julio-Claudian successors acted like real rulers, acted corrupt and would kill for no reason |
| Diocletian/Constantine | extended imperial control by strengthening and expanding, made major political and military reforms |
| Carthaginians | Romans attacked with a naval fleet |
| Patrician/Plebian | -great landowners, consuls, magistrates, and senators -larger group of large land owners, less wealthy landholders, merchants, and small farmers |
| Marius | Roman general that started recruiting landless volunteers that swore an oath of loyalty to their general |
| "Good" Emperors | treated classes with respect, maintained peace, supported beneficial domestic policies, known for tolerance and diplomacy |
| Christianity | started as Romans started expanding they came into contact with Jews |
| Gracchi Brothers | Believed that Romes problems was caused by the decline of small farmers |
| "latifunda" | large estates that used slave labor, butting in the number of small citizen farmers available for military service |
| The Han | founded was formerly a commoner, dynasty moved to consolidate its control over empire |
| Grand Council | head of government, had representatives from all three segments of government |
| Buddhism | brought to China for the first time by the Silk Road |
| population | increased rapidly under Han |
| Silk Road | Merchants from Central Asia used this |
| Civil service exam | local officials had to pass first |
| Mesoamerica | The region where one of the first civilizations in the western hemisphere began to appear |
| Olmecs | had rubber that was desired by other regions, one of the first signs of civilization |
| Teotihuacan | first metropolis in Mesoamerica |
| Decline of Maya | overcultivaton of the land due to growing population and drought |
| Aztecs | controlled much of modern day Mexico |
| Inca | had many roadways and developed new irrigation system |
Created by:
mpadner732
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