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Circulatory System
Chapter 5 Part 4 (pgs 200 - 233)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the primary functions of the circulatory system | supply body's cells with nutrients, carries away waste products, temperature regulator |
| Circulatory system is divided inot two divisions, they are | blood-vascular and lymph vascular |
| Cardiovascular (or blood vascular) contains... | blood and vessels of the heart and blood, closed system |
| Lymph system (lymph vascular or lymphatic system) contains... | lymph, lymph nodes, and the lymphatics |
| The area between the 2 lungs is called... | mediastinum |
| The thin innermost layer of the heart is.... | endocardium |
| The protective, outer layer of the heart is called... | epicardium |
| The entire heart is surrounded by a double layered membrane called... | pericardium |
| Arteries and veins go bigger to smaller, list in order.... | Aorta, ateries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, vein, vena cava |
| the smooth muscle tissue in the walls of the artieries that give impules is called... | vasomotor |
| Reduced diameter of the blood vessels is called... | vasoconstriction |
| Englarged diameter of the blood vessels is called... | vasodilation |
| Small vessels that transport substances through blood and tissue... | capillaries |
| The process when small vessles that transport substances through blood and tissue (higher concentration to lower concentration) is called... | diffusion |
| process where fluid can go through capillary walls into the tissue spaces... | filtration |
| blood is dark red in... | veins |
| blood is bright red in.... | arteries |
| things that are clear in color and are formed in the red marrow of bones... | platelets |
| Straw colored and is 91.5 percent water | plasma |
| blood circulated from the heart to the lungs and back again to the heart | pumonary circulation |
| blood cirulation from the left side of heart throughout the body and back again to the heart is... | general circulation |
| paired artieries with numerous branches that supply the arms | subclavian |
| consiste of a superior and an inferior opening | vena cava |
| vein that carries the blood from the intestines to spleen and to the liver | portal veins |
| consists of inferior and superior mesenteric vessels. they transport the blood from the inestines to the portal veins | mesenteric |
| the aorta ends by dividing into two common arteries. each divides into an internal artery that supplies the pelvic cavity and an external artery that supplies the lower extermity | Iliac arteries |
| provide blood to the head and brain | Jular veins AND Carotid Artery |
| the most important artery of the human body, it brings oxygenated blood to the body's organsa and tissue | Aorta |
| the arteriesbring blood to the lungs, The veins bring the oxygenated blood back to the heart | Pulmonary Artery and Pulmonary Vein |
| the organ that supplies the necessary force to pump the blood around the body | Heart |
| the organ that destroys old red blood cells and acts as a blood reserve | Spleen |
| they provide blood to the kidneys | Renal veins and arteries |
| consists of superior and inferior arteries that supply parts of the digestive system | Mesenteric Arteries |
| a symptom of various diseases rather than being a specific disease, a deficiency of RBC's | Anemia |
| Caused by genetics or exposure to poisons | Blood Cell Destruction or Hemolytic Anemia |
| this can be fatal if not treated with B-12 and iron diet | Decrease in RBC's or Pernicious Anemia |
| most common form of anemia | Iron Deficiency |
| failure of bone marrow RBC to reproduce | Aplastic anemia |
| chronic of acute loss of blood | Hemorrhagic Anemia |
| Symptoms of Anemia... | pallor, weakness, fatigue, dizziness, headache, difficulty breathing, heart palpitations, digestive disturbances |
| abnormal dilation of blood vessel, usually an artery due to a congenital defect or weakness of the vessel that can be caused by hyperextension, bacterial infection or injury | Aneurysm |
| common locations of aneurysm | abdominal aorta and cerebral |
| symptoms are shortness of breath, cough, difficulty swallowing, unequal radial pulse | Abdominal Aorta |
| when this ruptures causes stroke (aka CVA = cerbral vascular accident) | Cerebral |
| a chest pain caused by temporary insufficience of blood supply to the heart muscle, triggered by exertion and relieved by rest | angina or angina pectoris |
| a thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in the wall of arteries. | arteriosclerosis |
| form of arteriosclerosis, characterized by fibrous tissue, lipids, and calcium deposits. Walls of arteries filled with plaque | artherosclerosis |
| the heart doesn't maintain adequate circulation of the blood | congestive heart failure (CHF) |
| an abnormal heart sound. Produced by blood passing over a roughened valve, flowing through a constricted opening, flowing through a a defect between ventricles of flowing backwards through a valve that does not close correctly | heart murmur |
| blood passing over a roughened valve | rheumatic heart disease |
| Flowing over a constricted opening | mitral stenosis |
| flowing backwards through a valve that does not close correctly | mitral regurgitation |
| hereditary blood disorder characterized by prolonged bleeding time may also cause joint swelling | hemophiliac |
| aka the silent killer, high blood pressure, increase in either systolic or diastolic pressure | hypertension |
| top number in blood pressure reading, the pressure by which blood is forced through a constricted vessel | systolic pressure |
| bottom number pressure by which blood is forced through a relaxed vessel | diastolic pressure |
| to listen with a stethoscope, the sounds come from turbulence of blood passing through closed valves | auscultation |
| blood pressure is measured with a blood pressure cuff and a stethoscope, together it is called... | sphygmomonometer |
| low blood pressure may occur in shock, hemorrage, infection, fever, cancer, anemia and various other diseases | hypotension |
| many varieties, but all involve excessive growth of leukocytes (wbc's) can be chronic or acute with a prognosis of 3 - 10 year depending on severity | leukemia |
| a malignant growth of new tissue in the lymphatic system | lymphoma |
| most common form of lymphoma, painless enlargement of lymph nodes, skin rashes, itchiness, fever, loss of appetite, weight loss 3-10 years prognosis | hodgkins disease |
| is more malignant form of lymphoma and faster growing often with a prognosis of 4-6 months | non hodgkins disease |
| swelling can be localized or systemic (within blood), tissues swell because they contain excess fluid. Common locations, feet, ankles, lower legs. | edema |
| inflammation of a vein from injury, surgery or infection. Symptoms include pain and inflammation along the course of the vein and swelling | Phelbitis |
| blood clot that travels is... | embolism |
| indicates the presence of a blood clot | thrombophebitis |
| Function of the lymphatic system is to collect and process (4) | excess tissue fluid, invading micro organisms, damaged cells, protein molecules that are too large or toxic to return to blood through capillaries |
| the lymphatic duct that carries only a quarter of the lymph produced in the body from the right side of the body above the body, above the diaphragm | right lymphatic duct |
| The lymphatic system's main drainage system, which carries lymph produced from the rest of the body | thoracic duct |
| origin of the thoracic duct where the abdominal lymph vessels converge | Pecquet's Cistern |
| small organs typically found where several lymph vessels converge. They play a part in the body's immune defense system | Lymph nodes |
| tubes that begin as lymph capillaries and carry lymph throughout the body | Lymph vessels |
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