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Hematology
Advanced Patho EXAM 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets are known as what? | blood cells |
| Blood cells are responsible for what? | transportation of oxygen to tissues removal of CO2 from tissues buffering blood pH |
| The formation of blood cells is known as what? | hematopoiesis |
| What does the Oxygen Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve (OHDC) describe? | the relationship between PO2 and SO2: Changes in O2 affinity are represented by shifts in the O2-Hgb dissociation curve |
| What does a shift to the right mean in the OHDC? | enhances O2 release to cell;, provides increase in O2 delivery needed during exercise or stress/chronic disease |
| What does a shift to the left mean in the OHDC? | increase in O2 affinity so O2 not released as easy |
| Anemia, high altitude, hyperthyroidism is seen in a left or right shift (OHDC)? | Right shift |
| What is hemoglobin (hgb)? | O2 carrying protein; main functional constituent of red cell protein that enables it to carry 100X’s more O2 in plasma |
| What is hematocrit (hct)? | RBC’s or erythrocytes |
| What does a high Hct level mean? | dehydration |
| What lab test measures the size of the RBCs? | Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) |
| What does a high RDW mean? | The higher RDW, the more number of different RBC’s present |
| What does a RDW measure? | RBC distribution width/sizes |
| What is the name of the major iron storage protein? | ferritin |
| A ferritin level of <10 indicates what? | Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) |
| What lab test evaluates how iron therapy is working? | Reticulocyte count |
| What is a reticulocyte? | a baby RBC; matures into a RBC within 24-48 hours |
| What does TIBC (total iron binding capacity) measure? | indirect measure of transferrin |
| What is the name of the plasma protein that carries iron from the blood to the liver? | transferring |
| True or false: 150,000-400,000 platelets/mm3 is the normal range | true |
| A low platelet count may cause what? | spontaneous bleeding |
| If clots are present, would you expect the platelet level to be low or high? | high |
| S/S of anemia | tachycardia, intermittent claudication, pallor, transient murmurs, light headedness |
| What is the most common nutritional deficiency in the world? | Iron deficient anemia |
| What is the most common cause of anemia? | Iron deficient anemia |
| If you see a MCV less than 80, what would you suspect? | Iron deficient anemia or thalassemia |
| True or false, you should take iron supplements if diagnosed with Thalassemia. | False, avoid iron supplements |
| If you see a MCV greater than 80, what would you expect? | folate or B12 deficiency |
| What would you prescribe to a patient with a folate deficiency? | prescription strength folate; OTC prenatal or folate isn't sufficient |
| How is vitamin B12 absorbed? | Intrinsic factors found in gastric juices |
| Fanconi anemia is what kind of anemia? | aplastic anemia |
| What does aplastic anemia cause? | a reduction of hematopoietic in bone marrow |
| What stimulates bone marrow conversion from yellow to red? | erythropoietin |
| What is epogen? | The man made form of erythropoietin |
| What makes the RBC the best carrier of hemoglobin and oxygen | the concave disk formation with large surface area and ability to deform |
| What disease causes an overgrowth of RBC, WBC and platelets? | Polycythemia vera |
| What is treatment in polycythemia vera? | 450-500mL of blood removed every week |
| True or false, people with polycythemia vera can donate their blood. | False, they cannot donate the blood that is removed weekly |
| What is the most common metabolic disease of RBC? | G6PDH |
| What role does the spleen play in G6PDH? | notices the abnormal RBCs and tries to attack them |
| What is G6PDH? | glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency; affects the RBC metabolic process |
| True of false, Heinz bodies are not found in G6PDH? | false, Hgb is denatured,so Heinz bodies are present |
| What happens in Sickle Cell Anemia? | genetically determined defect of Hgb synthesis; autosomal recessive disorder. |
| Why can clots occur in Sickle Cell Anemia? | because the RBC don't conform |
| What race is predominantly affected by Sickle Cell Anemia? | African Americans |
| If abnormal red cell skeleton, altered membranes and metabolism are present, what would you suspect? | hereditary spherocytosis |
| What type of genetic disorder is G6PDH? | x linked recessive |
| What is the treatment of choice in hereditary spherocytosis? | spleenectomy and folate therapy |
| What does -penia imply? | a suffix, deficiency of or low levels; EX: neutropenia-decreased neutrophils |
| What occurs in Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn? | maternal ABO incompatibility |
| What lab results would you expect to find with hereditary spherocytosis? | Hbg w/i red cells increased, serum unconjugated bili increased |
| True or false, Rhogam is given to the mom in the event of Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn. | True |
| List the 5 stages of hemostasis. | 1. vessel spasm 2. formation of platelet plug 3. blood coag or development of fibrin clot 4. clot retraction 5. clot dissolution |
Created by:
lbl317537
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