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The Renaissance
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Urban Society | A system in which cities are the center of political, economic, and social life. |
| Secular | Worldly |
| Mercenary | A soldier who sells his service to the highest bidder. |
| Dowry | A gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage either by the bride's parents to the husband in Islamic societies, by a husband to his wife. |
| Christian Humanism | A movement that developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance combining classical learning with the goal of reforming the catholic church. |
| Salvation | The state of being saved (that is, going to heaven) through faith alone or through faith and good work. |
| Indulgence | A release from all or part of punishment for sin by the catholic church, reducing time in purgatory after death. |
| Annul | Declare invalid |
| Da Vinci | Painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician |
| Francesco Sforza | Conquered Milan and became the new duke. Was the leader of a band of mercenaries |
| Cosimo de' Medici | Took control of Florence in 1434. His wealthy family controlled the government from behind the scenes. |
| Lorenzo de' Medici | Grandson of Cosimo, dominated the city at a time when Florence was the cultural center of Italy. |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | Wrote "The Prince", one of the most influential works on the political power in the Western world. |
| Humanism | An intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history. |
| Fresco | A painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water based paints. |
| Petrarch | The father of Italian Renaissance humanism, looked for forgotten Latin manuscripts and set up a search for similar manuscripts in monastic libraries throughout Europe. |
| Dante | Italian author that helped make vernacular literature more popular. |
| Michealangelo | accomplished painter, sculptor, and architect, was another artistic master of the High Renaissance. |
| Jan van Eyck | Flemish painter- among the first to use oil paint, which enabled the artist to use a wide variety of colors and create fine details as in his paintings. |
| Albrecht Durer | German artist affected by italians. Made the famous Adoration of the Magi. He tried to achieve a standard of ideal beauty that was based on a careful examination of the human form. |
| Martin Luther | Began the Reformation in the early sixteenth century. |
| Desiderius Erasmus | Best known of all Christian humanists. Called his view of religion "the philosophy of Christ". Wrote the "The Praise of Folly" |
| Edict of Worms | Made Martin Luther an outlaw within the empire. His works were to be burned and Luther himself captured and delivered to the emperor. |
| Charles V | Holy Roman emperor, ruled an immense empire consisting of Spain and its colonies. |
| Peace of Augsburg | Led an end o religious warfare in Germany in 1555. Agreement formally accepted the division of Christianity in Germany. |
| Predestination | The belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved (the elect) and who will be dammed. (the reprobate.) |
| Ulrich Zwingli | A priest in Zurich. |
| John Calvin | Educated in his native france. After his conversion to Protestantism he was forced to flee Catholic France for the safety of Switzerland. |
| Henry VIII | A king in the English Reformation region who wanted to divorce his wife. |
| Ignatius of Loyola | Spanish nobleman who founded the society of Jesus. Gathered a small group of followers, which was recognized as a religious order by the Pope in 1540. |
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lindseybertone
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