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Industrilization
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Industrialization Revolution | great increase in machine production that began in England in the 18th century |
enclosure | large closed-in field for farming |
crop rotation | planting a different crop in a different field each year |
industrialization | process of developing machine production of goods |
factors of production | conditions needed to produce goods and services |
factory | building where goods are made (capital) |
entrepreneur | person who organizes, manages, and takes on the financial risk of a business enterprise |
urbanization | city building and the movement of people to cities |
middle class | a social class of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers |
stock | right of ownership in a company called a corporation |
corporation | business owned buy stockholders who share in its profits but are not responsible for its debts |
laissez faire | economic theory that argues that governments should not interfere with business affairs |
Adam Smith | philosopher who defended laissez faire economics |
capitalism | economic system in which people invest money to make a profit |
utilitarianism | belief that an idea is only as good as it is useful |
socialism | belief that business should be owned by society as a whole |
Karl Marx | economic thinker who wrote about a radical form of socialism |
communism | form of socialism in which all production is owned by the people |
union | organized groups of workers that bargain with business owners to get better pay and working conditions |
strike | organized refusal to work |
abolish | to end |
agricultural revolution | changes that led to great increases in the amount of food farmers produced |
ban | to forbid |
boom | a time of increased activity, wealth, and prosperity |
economics | people who study the ways that goods are made, solid, and bought |
imperialism | actions or policies by which one country controls another |
Marxism | form of socialism proposed by Karl Max |
output | amount of something produced or manufactured |
raw materials | materials used in factories to create goods |
resisted | worked against |
slums | areas of poverty and poor housing |
stock | shares of ownership in a company |
tenant farmers | farmers who work land rented from someone else |
textile | related to cloth or clothing |