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Renaissance-AP Owen
Famous people and concepts of the Renaissance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Franceso Petrarch | father of humanism,believed people of Middle Ages were barbarians |
| Boccaccio | wrote "The Decammeron" |
| Lorenzo Valla | first modern-day historian, discovered that the Donation of Conastantine was a fake |
| Cosimo de Medici | founded Platonic Academy |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | wanted to unite Italy under one ruler, wrote "The Prince", thought that rulers should be feared |
| Castiglione | wrote "The Courtier" which described the "perfect" Renaissance man |
| Bellini | Florentine sculptor, "Autobiography" which was an example of Renaissance life (most famous work) |
| Art of Middle Ages | influenced by Byz. Empire, unrealistic, no individual human characteristics, no dimensions |
| Art of Renaissance | sense of space and illusion of depth |
| Giotto | pioneer painter |
| Massacio | first painter to master laws of perception and experiment with Chiaroscuro, put emotion into painting, Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden |
| Chiarscuro | putting shadows in paintings |
| Botticelli | painted The Birth of Venus |
| Da Vinci | painted The Last Supper and Mona Lisa |
| Michelangelo | painted the ceiling of the Sistene Chapel, most famous work was the 18 ft marble sculpture David |
| Raphael | painted The School of Athens |
| The Venetian School | founded by Bellini, used oil based paintings |
| Titan | most famous pupil of The Venetian School, painted nudes, The Venus of Urbino |
| Brunelleschi | first great architect of Renaissance, classical designs of Cathedrals |
| Ghiberti | sculptor and goldsmith, designed gold doors for a Cathedral in Florence as a contest against Brunelleschi |
| Donatello | founder of modern sculpture, very realistic, St. George (most famous work) |
| Thomas More | English lawyer, wrote "Utopia", vision for a revolutionary society |
| Erasmus | ideas embody Christian humanism, focused writings on Bible |
| 2 themes of Erasmus | 1. educated to read Bible which is the key to a moral and intellectual society, 2. Christianity exists in inner soul |
| Jan van Eyck | used bright colors in his paintings, Giovanni and His Bride |
| First Monarchs of Renassaince | Louis XI of France, Henry VIII of England, and Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain |
| Humanism | focused on humans (duh) and their achievements, interests, and capabilities (more civic than individualism) |
| Individualism | stressed personality, uniqueness, and full development of capabilitiesand talents |
| Secularism | basic concern with material world instead of eternal and spiritual matters |
| Lutheranism | founded by German monk Martin Luther, believed in salvation by faith |
| Calvinism | founded by John Calvin, different from Lutheranism in that he believed in predestination |
| Anabaptists | believed that only adults could make a free choice about religious faith, baptism, and entry into the Christian community |
| Gerhard Groote | established layreligious group The Brethen of the Common Life |
| Reconquista | Fredinand and Isabella conquered Granada (the last Moslem area in Spain) in 1492 |
| Reasons for Religious Revolution | 1. Decline of Roman Catholic church and its influence, 2. Growth of secular influence, 3. Spread of lay religion, 4. Rise of the new monarchs, 5. Opposition from nobles and papacy, 6. Turkish Peril, 7. Columbus discovered New World, 8. Technology develops |
| Growth of secular influence | enjoy earthly life, celebrate achievements (example: started putting signatures on artwork) |
| Lay mysticism | communing w/ God through individual prayer and Bible study, totally separate from Church |
| Rise of new monarchs | had independent standing army and could bipass nobles, had power to tax |
| Spanish Inquisition | ran by Thomas Torquemada, used religious conformity to arrive at unified nation (Catholic Spanish Kingdom) |
| Henry VII (Tudor) | nobles were the enemy b/c they doubted the legitimacy of his throne |
| Court of the Star Chamber | set up by Henry Tudor to break ther power of nobles, didn't face your accusers or know charges against you, torture was used |
| Role of Renaissance Popes | corrupt, lived like "worldly princes" |
| Alexander VI | bought the Papacy, real name was Cesare Borgeia |
| Urban V | bankrupted papacy with the building of St. Peters Cathedral |
| Martin V | saw reforms as a threat to papal power |
| Ottoman Turks | renamed Constantinople as Istanbul, beseiged Vienna, battle of Mohacs |
| Sultan Sulieman (the Magnificent) | helped Moslem world reach zenith in 1500s |
| Columbus's discovery | Spain became richest and most powerful nation, got tons of gold and silver, Spain became undefeated for 150 years |
| Charles I | most powerful Spanish ruler, inherited the Hapsburg holdings |
| Spanish Hapsburg | Ch. I inherited from his mom, included: Spain, Spanish Netherlands, Southern Italy, and the New World |
| Austrian Hapsburg | Ch. I inherited from his dad, included: Austria, Styria, Corinthia, Hungary, and Tyrol |
| Charles V | formerly Ch. I, elected Holy Roman Emperor, acquired all the Germanies, controlled 2/3 of Europe, ultra- Catholic dominance of Europe |
| France's ally | made alliance w/ Sulieman b/c they were enclosed by the Hapsburgs and were afraid |
| Johanne Gutenburg | invented printing press, allowed spread of: literacy, venacular, and ideas, Germany was book publishing center of Europe |
Created by:
brinny888
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