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A&P review
Stack #135860
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Testing Testing | 123 |
| Define Sarcolemma | Cell Membrane of muscle cell |
| Define Sacroplasm | Cytosol (Cytoplasm) of the muscle cell |
| What is a fascicle? | Muscle fibers arranged in bundles |
| What is stored in the terminal cisternae? | Calcium |
| What in muscle cells is comparable to smooth endoplasmic reticulum? | Sarcoplasmic Reticulum |
| Name the thin filaments in the contractile units of muscle. Are they light or dark? | Actin. Thin is light |
| Name the thick filaments in the contractile units of muscle. Are they light or dark? | Thick is dark myosin |
| Describe a sarcomere. Illustrate your description. | contractile unit of muscle relaxed and contracted |
| What does the M line do? | Contributes to the appearance of cross-striations in skeletal muscle where the thick filments meet and overlap. Anchors the myosin |
| Describe a neuromuscular synapse. | Connection between and among neurons in connection with muscle the microscopic site t which the axon branch attaches to skeletal muscle fiber. |
| What are the ends of long bones called? | Epiphysis |
| What is the hollow cavity in long bones called? | Diaphysis |
| Name the inner lining of the cavity | Medullary Cavity |
| Name the two types of osteocytes discussed. List their functions. | Osteoclasts-Break down bones releases calcium. Osteo Blasts- Generate new bone for growth. |
| What is the differencce between compact and spongy bone? | Compact is dense. Spongy has porous spaces (lighter) |
| Where does compact bone receive its vascularity? Name two canals thata provide the vascularity. | Haversion and volkmans |
| What is the name of the unit in compact bone that consists of osteocytes, lamellae, canaliculi and canals? | Haversion system |
| Name any five structures in the axial skeleton | Skull, Ribs, Vertebrae, Sacrum, Coccyx |
| Name five structures in the appendicular skeleton | Arms, legs, shoulder girdle (scapula & Clavicle), Illium, Hands & feet |
| Name the lake of "stuff" osteocytes hang out in. | Lacunae |
| Describe the difference between an ionic and covalent bond. | Ionic bond is less stable. Covalent bond share more than 1 electron stronger. |
| Name the 2 components of a cell membrane | Phospholipid bilayer. Hydrophillic Heads/ Hydrophobic Tails |
| What does it mean when a molecule is polar. | A molecule has one pole that is more negatively or positively charged due to electrons slowing down closer to one atom |
| Which bonds are the strongest? Which are the weakest Why? | Ionic is always looking for balance. Covalent are strongest. Hydrogen is weakest. Ionic. When only one electron is shared the atom is always looking to share more. |
| What two things does a compound need to be considered organic? | Carbon and Hydrogen |
| What are the three electrical charge related components in an atom? Which one carries a negative charge? | Protons +, Neutrons neutral; Electrons - |
| Name the four most prevalent elements in the human body. | Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen |
| Which organelle is responsible for packaging and shipping? | Golgi Apparatus |
| Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis? | Ribosomes |
| Which organelle is responsible for cleaning up broken down organelles? | Lysosomes |
| Which joint is formed where the humerus and scapula meet? | Glenohumeral |
| Each wrist contains how many carpal bones? | 8 |
| What is the name of the superior portion of the sternum? | Manubrium |
| Which bone is located at the posterior and inferior aspects of the cranium? | Occiput |
| The sternoclavicular joint is what kind of joint? | A gliding joint |
| Another term for joint is.... | Articulation |
| What is the fluid inside diarthrotic joints called? | Synovial |
| A synchondrosis is | Amphiarthrotic and cartilagenous |
| What fossa is located on the costa surface of the scapula? | Subscapular fossa |
| The carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb is...? | A saddle joint |
| The capitulum of the humerus articulates with what bone? | Radius |
| The location of the acromian process is ______ on the scapula: | Lateral |
| What bones make up the palm of the hand? | Metacarpal |
| The bicipital or intertubercular groove is located ____ to the lesser tubercle of the humerus. | Lateral |
| The nuchael ligament lies in the _________ of ____________ vertebrae: | Spinous process, cervical |
| A bony landmark of the distal, lateral radius is: | Styloid process |
| The olecranon process is located on the | Ulna |
| What movements occure at the pivot joint between radius and ulna | Supination and pronation |
| The muscle that produces the majority of movement is called a _______ | agonist |
| The muscles that function to flex the elbow are | Brachialis, brachioradialis, biceps brachii |
| Which of the following is a list of the erector spinae muscles from most medial to most lateral | Spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis |
| Which muscle of the transversospinalis group attaches at the cranium? | Semispinalis capitis |
| Which movement would lengthen the fibers of the quadratus lumborum on the right side of the body | Lateral flexion to the left |
| Which abdominal muscle runs vertically from the rib cage to the pubic crest? | Rectus abdominus |
| Which movement of the vertebral column would shorten the fibers of the rectus abdominus? | Flexion |
| In doing an abdominal curl and rotating her body to the left, the athlete contracts her: | Right external oblique |
| A muscle assisting another in a particular named action is named a: | Synergist |
| The origins of the multifidus and rotatores are: | Transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae |
| The name of a broad, flat tendon is: | Aponeurosis |
| Typically, the insertion of the quadratus lumborum muscle is: | Twelfth rib and transverse process of lumbar |
| What muscle rotates head to the opposite side | Sternocleidomastoid |
| What muscle can act on the spine and the pelvis | Quadratus Lumborum |
| The "prime mover" is called the | Agonist |
| Which of the following muscles attach at the skull? | Splenius capitis, longissiumus |
| An Antagonist to bilateral extension of the neck and head is: | Sternocleidomastoid |
| Muscle contraction in which muscle does not lengthen or shorten: | Isometric |
| Muscle contraction in which the muscle shortens in length and typically insertion moves to origin | Concentric |
| characteristic of muscle that allows for a muscle to return to its normal state following shortening or lengthening is: | Elasticity |
| The bony attachment that moves as a muscle contracts is named: | Insertion |
| A synergist to sternocleidomstoid at the neck in rotative action and lateral flexion is: | Scalenes |
| Typically, this muscle has a medial origin and lateral insertion: | Erector spinae |
| What abdominal muscle rotates the torso to the opposite side? | External oblique |
| A client comes in and says, "I just can't seem to get a good breath." What muscles would you definitely treat? | Intercostals, diaphragm, serratus posterior |
| What is the relationship between the rotatores and multifidus | The rotatores and multifidus are synergists in the action of rotation of the spine to the opposite side. |
| What muscle is responsible for nearly all of our relaxed breathing? | Diaphragm |
| Which abdominal muscle has predominantly transverse fibers | Transverse Abdominus |
| What is the relation between the fibers of external intercostals and external obliques | They run similarly |
| The longissiumus cervicis and semispinalis capitis are synergist in what action. | Bilateral extension of the head and neck |
| The thorcolumbar aponeurosis serves as an attachment site for which muscles? | Iliocostalis and longissimus |
| Which joint is formed where the humerus and scapula meet? | Glenohumeral |
| The three scapular fossae contain which three muscles? | Infraspinatus, suprapinatus and subscapularis |
| The supraspinous fossa is located just superior in which landmark? | Spine of scapula |
| Which is the insertion of the deltoid? | Deltoid tuberosity |
| Anatomically speaking, what is the proper name for the 'knuckle' joint? | Metacarpophalangeal |
| T or F The deltoid is capable of initiating Abduction of the shoulder | FALSE |
| T or F The Middle Fibers of the deltoid are only able to abduct the shoulder | TRUE |
| T or F The Anterior Fibers of the Deltoid: Laterally Rotatae/Flex Abduct the shoulder | FALSE |
| T or F The deltoid originates on the medial 1/3 clavicle/Acromiom/ Spine of Scapula | FALSE |
| T or F The coracoid process of the scapula travels into the frontal plane | TRUE |
| The metabolic process of building complex substances from simpler substances is called | Anabolism |
| Ions which conduct electrical current in solutions are called | Electrolytes |
| Surface tension in a water drop is due to the weak interaction of a... | Hydrogen Bond |
| The body's PH must be maintained at a range of: | 7.35-7.45 |
| Lipids, Calcium, Proteins and Nucleic Acids. Which is not an organic compound | Calcium |
| The phospholipid bilayer is an important component of | Cell membrane |
| What is true about movement across a cell membrane? | It happens passively and actively |
| The process of cell division is called: | Mitosis |
| Proteins are synthesized in the: | Ribosomes |
| The powerhouse of the cell is the: | Mitochondria |
| Water moving across a semipermeable membrane to decrease concentration is: | Osmosis |
| Cartilage cells are called: | Chondrocytes |
| What are two functions of connective tissue: | To connect the body as one, to facilitate messages sent through the body, Circulation |
| Give one example of connective tissue in the body? | Blood |
| What are two functions of epithelial tissue? | Protection and secretion (sweat) |
| The region at the end of long bones which contain spongy bone tissue is called the: | Epiphysis |
| What are two functions of bone tissue? | Provide support, structure, a place for red blood cells to reproduce |
| If you place a cell in a hypotonoic solution , it will | (blank) |
| In aerobic cellular respiration,_______ and _______ are needed to make 38 Atp Molecules | Oxygen, |
| What ion is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and is needed for muscle contraction? | Calcium |
| Haversian canals bring blood vessels into: | Compact bone |
| Myoglobin is a molecule which | Carries oxygen in muscle tissue |
| The layer of the epidermis which contains the most dead cells is the | Stratum Corneum |
| Arrector pili muscles are located in the | Dermis |
| What are two functions of neuroglial Cells? | Support and protect, nourish Neurons |
| All of the following are effects of the sympathetic nervous system EXCEPT: | Increased Digestion |
| Sensory nerves carry information: | From the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system |
| Thick filaments in skeletal muscle are made of: | Myosin |
| The part of the brain responsible for coordination and balance is the: | Cerebellum |
| The endocrine system works closely with the: | Nervous System |
| The Pia Mater is a layer of the: | Meninges |
| What is one function of the cerebrospinal fluid? | Protects the Brain |
| The crainial nerve which carries motor and sensory fibers to muscles of the tongue is the ______ nerve: | Hypoglossal |
| All of the following hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland EXCEPT: | Mineralocorticoids |
| What are the contractile units of skeletal muscle? | Sarcomeres |
| Name unique characteristics of skeletal muscle cells | Striated, Excitable, Elastic and Contractile |
| The hormone which increases the calcium ion concentration in the blood is: | Parathyroid hormone |
| Antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the __________ and has receptors in the _______. | Posterior pituitary, kidney |
| All of the following are effects of epinephrine secretion EXCEPT:Increased peristalsis | Increased peristalsis |
| Insulin is secreated by the: | Pancrease |
| Damaged red blood cells are broken down by the : | Spleen |
| B lymphocytes are a main component of: | Specific defense |
| Conchae, microvilli, and dermal papillae: | Increase surface area |
| An important protein in the formation of a blood clot is: | Fibrinogen |
| What are two function of blood: | Deliver oxygen to the body, flushes the body |
| Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the heart at the: | Right atrium |
| The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle is the: | Bicuspid Valve |
| The pacemaker of the heart is the: | Sinoatrial node |
| Viscosity refers to: | Stickiness |
| What is the functional unit of the Lungs | areioli |
| These two hormones play a role in calcium levels in the blood: | Parathyroid Hormone and Calcitonin |
| Which one of these is not a function of the Urinary system: Excretes Waste, Balances PH, Absorbs nutrients, Filters Blood absorbs nutrients | (blank) |
| What is the term for the creation of white blood cells? | Leukopoeisis |
| Which of the following is not a function of the respiratory system? Produces and secrete hormones, controlling acid-alkaline balance, gas exchnge, vocalization | Produces and secretes hormones |
| Neurons are composed of all of the following Except: Myelin sheath, Axons, Arachnoids, Dendrites | Arachnoids |
| What two things does a molecule need to have to be considered organic? | Carbon and hydrogen |
| Fats are also called: | Lipids |
| Glucose is the molecule that enters: | glycoysis |
| In what part of the digestive system are nutrients absorbed? | Small Intestines |
| The saliva starts the process of? | Digestive Catabolism |
| The sphincter that prevents food and gastric juices from reentering the esophagus from the stomach is called the | (blank) |
| Accessory organs secrete their contents into the _________ region of the digestive tract | (blank) |
| What part of the scapula serves as an attachement site for both the rhomboids and serratus anterior? | Medial border |
| The lateral border of the scapula serves as an attachment site for which muscles? | Teres major and teres minor |
| The first carpometacarpal joint is what kind of joint? | Saddle |
| Which part of the scapula serves as an attachment site or the long head of triceps brachii | Infraglenoid tubercle |
| The three scapular fossa contain which three muscles | Infraspinatus, supraspinatus and subscapularis |
| What attachment site do the trapezius and deltoid muscles have in common? | Clavicle |
| The four rotator cuff muscles encompass and stabilize which joint? | Glenohumeral |
| To locate the supraspinatus belly, you must palpate through which muscle? | Trapezius |
| Which rotator cuff muscle initiates should abduction? | Supraspinatus |
| Which muscle is located in the space lateral to the vertebral column and medial to the scapula? Serratus Anterior; Levator Scapula; Rhomboids; | Rhomboids |
| The pectoralis minor is located deep to which muscle? Trapezious; Deltoid: Pectoralis Major; Serratus Anterior | Pectoralis major |
| The pectoralis minor attaches to which bony landmark: | Coracoid process |
| Which of the following muscles does NOT attach to the coracoid process? Pectoralis minor; Coracobrachialis; biceps brachii; triceps brachi | Triceps brachii |
| Which movement shortens the fibers of triceps brachii? | Elbow extension |
| List the erector spinae muscles from most medial to most lateral | Spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis |
| The medial maleolus is part of what bone? | Tibia |
| A lateral curve in the spine is called: | Scoliosis |
| Which of the following muscles crosses two joints? Soleus; vastus lateralis; gastrocnemius; teres major | Gastrocnemius |
| The term used for an accentuated anterior spinal curve is: | Lordosis |
| Toward or nearest the trunk is: | Proximal |
| A Longitudinal plane running from front to back; in which the actions of flexion/extension occur is: | Sagittal |
| An interosseus membrane attaches to which two bones: | Tibia and fibula |
| Muscles that elevate the mandible include: | Masseter; temporalis and medial pterygoid |
| The action of latissimus dorsi is: | Extension, medial rotation and adduction of humerus. |
| The Origin of Levator Scapula is: | Transverse processes c1-c4 |
| What muscle spans from the vertebral border of costal surface of scapula to lateral surface of upper 8 ribs? | Serratus Anterior |
| A bone fracture in the hand might involve which of the following bones? | Scaphoid |
| The strongest hip flexor and initiator of hip flexion is: | Iliospoas |
| Sciatic like pain can be caused by which muscle? | Piriformis |
| In the action of mr. Hell's Angel flexing his elbow for his girlfriend, what kind of contraction is involved? | Isometric |
| What muscle is used for breathing in stress reduction? | Diaphragm |
| What is the antagonist to biceps brachii in elbow flexion? | Triceps brachii |
| What movements would you attempt at the wrist joint to check entire range of motion? | Adduction and abduction, flexion and extension |
| What muscles can help the complex knee joint medially rotate? | Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosis |
| What muscle of the posterior thigh is most lateral?Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, gluteus medius | Biceps femoris |
| Which of the following is a hinge joint? | Talocrural |
| Where could you palpate an origin of the biceps brachii? Coracoid process, infraglenoid tubercle, acromion process, greater trochanter | coracoid process |
Created by:
Cherpel
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