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URBS
urban studies exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What three qualities must a building possess (Vitruvius) | Firmness, Commodity (use), and Delight ( ammenities) |
| What aspect of city environment does contemporary urban design emphasize and promote? | Context |
| What are Kevin Lynch's elements of urban design? | Paths (streets sidewalks trails) Edges (percieved boundaries) Districts (large parts designated to certain things) Nodes (focal points) Landmarks (identifyable objects for external) |
| Buildings that are connected through interior pathways or underground tunnels? | Mega structure. |
| Ebenezer Howard promoted a self sustaining community with its own industry, ag, and wide range of houseing. This is a _____? | Garden City |
| What is Modernism? | self containing. Simplification of form. little decoration |
| What features does new urbanism or Neotraditional planning include? | Front Porch, Mixed use, Multi-level, historic preservation |
| What promoted human settlement and formation of cities in the New stone age? | Agriculture. |
| What are three primitive innovations that revolutionized building? | Arches, Brick making |
| What does siting explain? | why cities are located where they are. |
| What is morphology? | Study of Form, structure, and config, of a city. |
| Where was Ancient Mesopotamian Civilization located? | Rivers euphrates and titus. |
| What was the principal structure of the sumarian culture and what were they used for? | Ziguraut (temples) |
| what was the prevailing characteristic of sumerian cities? | Crowded , no sewers |
| If you stood outside Sumaria what would see? | Walls and fortifications |
| Which structure is a prime example of Babylonian Architecture? | Ishtar gate of Babylon |
| Which archeologists are known for excavating ancient meso? | Sir Lenoard Woodley, T.E Lawrence |
| what was the capitol city of Assyria? | Assur |
| What was the main contribution of the mycenaean Civilization? | Megaraun |
| what civilization was Homers ancient city of troy? | Hitites |
| Where were the hitites located? | Anatolia |
| What were the hitites known for? | First people to work with Iron |
| What archeologist discovered the city of Troy? | Heinrich Shelieman |
| Where was the minoan civilazation located? | Crete. |
| What Arch.gist excavated the minoan palace of Knossos? | Sir Arthur Evens |
| What did the palace at knossos consist of ? | Mudbricks faced with limestone. collums of wood. |
| Where was ancient egypt located? | Nile river valley |
| What person did the ancient egyptians center on ? | The pharoh |
| was egypt cities known for walls or fortresses? | no |
| when did the first systematic invest.. of egypt occur? | Napolean Bonapart |
| What pharoh's tomb provided a wealth of artifacts? | King Tut |
| What archeo.. was famous for his discovery and excavation of king tuts tomb? | Howard Cator |
| how did the common man of egypt live? | In barrack like housing. (block housing) |
| Where did the nobility live? | Luxurious homes |
| What was the pyramid used for ? | Tombs |
| From what structures did the pyramid evolve from? | Mestaba>step pyramid> great pyramid |
| What did an Egyptian temple consist of? | Collumns, Lotus- entry gate, Pyloin sphinx |
| What is an obelisk? | Collumn dedicated to the god of the sun. (washington memorial) |
| Define three types of greek columns. | Doric ( Plain Base ) Iconic (Scroll @top of collumn) Corinthic ( Ecumpus leaves) |
| What is architrave? | Beam resting at top of two collumns |
| What was the parthenon? | Structure dedicated to Athena. designed and built by Pericles |
| What are caryatids ? | Collumns shaped like young maidens. |
| What was the basic layout of an ancient greek city? | Gridd pattern, Districts, acroplois. |
| what did the agora serve as? | Market, meeting place |
| What is a stoa? | covered walkway or porch. |
| Parts of a greak theatre. | orchestra etc. |
| where did the ancient greeks hold athletic events? | Stadium |
| Which people were the romans descendants of | Latins |
| What were latins homes like? | Huts, No windows, big doors |
| What people had the strongest influence on early rome? | Etruscans |
| How was the etruscan city configured? | Grid pattern |
| What were some etruscan innovations? | terra Cotta, Funerary art, wall paintings |
| What building material did the romans develop? | Concrete |
| How did roman columns differ from greek collumns? | More developed bases, and used corinthians |
| What city gave us the best glrimpse into roman era? | Pompeii |
| What archeologist excavated pompeii? | Giseppi Fierelli |
| Where did the wealthy romans live? | Villas |
| How was the villa configured? | lots of shit |
| What were three forms of roman interior deco? | Incrustations-arch- Decorative, INtrict |
| What are mosaics? | Art with different colored stones |
| In Rome, where did common people live? | Insula - Tri level homes. Worse as you go up. |
| Where did the romans go for ent.? | Colleseum. |
| What were main design features of the colleseum that supported it. | Barrel vault, and groin vault |
| Did collumns support the collesuem? | No, just decorative. |
| what were the main portions of the colleseum? | Arena, Cabba, and podium |
| In what other structures do we see the influence of the arch? | Arch of titus, Aquaduct |
| What sort of art adorned triumphal arches and collumns? | Relief work, collumn of trajea |
| What purposes did the roman bath serve as? | Relax, and socialize. |
| What were the main parts of a roman bath. | Hot, luke warm, cold. |
| What temple was considered the crowning achievement of roman architecture? | The pantheon--- Rotunda |
| What were the pantheons main design features? | Rotunda, corinthian collumns, coffers. |
| How was aniencct rome configured, | Forum |
| What is a basilica? and what is it used for? | Public meetings, commerce. |
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