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SS Ch 1, Sec 2 (6th)
Mesopotamian Civilization
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why did early civilizations develop in river valleys? | 1)farming conditions made it easy to feed large numbers of people 2)rivers provided fish and fresh water, and made it easy to travel and to trade |
| Describe a Sumerian city-state. | 1)it was made up of a city and the land around it 2)it had its own government and was not part of any larger unit 3)for protection, it surrounded itself with a wall |
| What did the Sumerians use as their main building material and why? | They used river mud because stone and wood were in short supply. |
| How did the Sumerians make bricks and what did they use them for? | they mixed river mud with crushed reeds, formed bricks, and left them in the sun to dry. The hard waterproof bricks were used for walls, homes, temples, and other buildings. |
| Who did the Sumerians worship? | The Sumerians believed in many gods. Each was thought to have a power over a natural force or a human activity (ex: flooding or basket weaving) |
| Where did the Sumerians worship? | Each city-state built a grand temple which dominated the city to its chief god. The temple was called a ziggurat ("mountain of god" or "hill of heaven"). |
| What did a ziggurat look like? | It had tiers like a giant square wedding cake. At the top was a shrine, or special place of worship that only priests and priestesses could enter. (They were powerful and controlled much of the land - they may have even ruled at one time) |
| What was the Sumerians' greatest invention and why was it important? | Writing, because it helped people keep records and pass on their ideas to others. |
| What was the Sumerians' writing called? Describe it. | Cuneiform. It consisted of hundreds of wedge-shaped marks cut into damp clay tablets with a sharp-ended reed. |
| What are some of the achievements of the Sumerians? | invented irrigation systems, writing, works of literature, the wagon wheel, the plow, and the sailboat |
| What are the advances in math made by the Sumerians? | they used geometry to measure fields and put up buildings, they created a number system based on 60 which led to the development of our 60-minute hour, 60-second minute, and 360 circle |
| What advances in astronomy did the Sumarians make? | They watched the skies to learn the best times to plant crops and to hold religious festivals by recording the positions of the planets and stars and developing a 12-month calendar based on the cycles of the moon. |
| Where did Mesopotamia begin? | On a flat plain bounded by the Tigris River and the Euphrates River. |
| What does Mesopotamia mean? | The land between the rivers. |
| What is Hammurabi best know for? | His law code, or collection of laws. It covered almost every area of life and influenced later laws, including those of Greece and Rome. |
| Who is Sargon? | The king of the Akkadians who conquered all of Mesopotamia in 2340 BC and set up the world's first empire. |
Created by:
slheard
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