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The Age of Reason
Enlightenment Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| A period of history from the mid 1600s to around 1800. A time of a growing belief in the supreme goodness and power of reason as a means of realizing human potential, as well as a period of rapid growth in science. | Age of Reason |
| A philosopher born in England in 1561 who advocated the use of reason and who came up with the fundamental ideas behind the scientific method: namely the steps of observation, experimentation, and generalization. | Francis Bacon |
| The idea behind the separation of the powers of government into legislative, executive and legislative branches so that the power of any one branch is not exceeded or abused. | Checks and balances |
| The overthrow of the English monarchy by a force of mostly Parliamentarians led by Oliver Cromwell. | The English Civil War |
| A territory distant from the state that has political control over it. | Colony |
| Polish astronomer who concluded that the Earth and planets revolve around the sun. | Nicolas Copernicus |
| A Puritan who ruled England under the title of "Lord Protector" from 1649 - 1658. | Oliver Cromwell |
| An important French writer who published the first encyclopedias. | Denis Diderot |
| A brilliant French philosopher and mathematician who, along with Francis Bacon, is considered to be a "Father of the Enlightenment." | Rene Descartes |
| A period in which the French monarchy was replaced by a series of revolutionary governments. | The French Revolution |
| A late Renaissance Italian mathematician, scientist and astronomer who helped prove the Copernican system and who invented the first thermometer. | Galileo Gallilei |
| A revolt in England that resulted in the Parliament having more power than that of the monarch. | The Glorious Revolution |
| An English scientist who analyzed the circulation of blood and who studied embryos. | William Harvey |
| An English scientist who discovered and named cells. | Robert Hooke |
| Principle author of the U.S. Declaration of Independence and third president of the U.S. | Thomas Jefferson |
| A Swedish botanist who developed the first successful system for classifying living things into similar groups that is still used today. | Carolus Linnaeus |
| Enlightenment era biologist who discovered micro-organisms. | Anton van Leeuwenhoek |
| Great English political philosopher of the Enlightenment era. | John Locke |
| A great French Enlightenment era political philosopher who proposed a government based on separation of powers between the executive, judicial and legislative branches. | Montesquieu |
| An English scientist and mathematician often considered to be the greatest figure in the history of science. | Sir Isaac Newton |
| The study of light. | optics |
| A seeker of knowledge and wisdom. | philosopher |
| Thought based on reason or logic. | rational thought |
| To think coherently, rationally, and logically, to draw conclusion from facts. | reason |
| A rational, stepwise approach to scientific research based on three essential points: observation, generalization, and experimentation. | scientific method |
| The rapid growth of science that began in the Renaissance with Copernicus. | The Scientific Revolution |
Created by:
millerll
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