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WR Christianity
Term Words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Apostles | -major figures in the early church |
| Aquinas | -1225-1274 Catholic theologian, synthersized aristotle with catholicism |
| Arianism | – early Christian heresy of Arius; "the Father is greater than the Son" |
| Augustine | – 354-430 Catholic theologian who synthesized Plato & Christianity; the Church administers the sacraments; major opponent of Pelagius and Donatus |
| Baptism | – initiation/conversion rite of water immersion |
| Baptist | – large Protestant denomination; emphasizes adult Baptism by full immersion |
| Bible | – the basic Christian canon, the books of the Old and New Testaments |
| Bishop | – a member of the clergy having direct authority over other priests or ministers |
| Canon | – an official list, especially of scripture that religious leaders accept as authoritative |
| Cardinal | – a member of a powerful council in the Catholic Church; that selects the new pope; the pope can name new cardinals |
| Cathedral | – the main church in a Catholic diocese |
| Catholic | – Holy Roman Catholic Apostolic Church; largest Christian denomination, syncretistic, follows the Pope |
| Christ | – Greek term, "anointed one," given to Jesus of Galilee, founder of Christianity |
| Christianity | – all those churches accepting the role of Jesus as Son of God |
| Church | – a building for Christian worship; a denomination, especially the Roman Catholic or an established sect |
| Clergy | – a minister of the church, religious leadership |
| Communion | – Christian ritual partaking of bread and wine in remembrance of Christ |
| Confirmation | – sacrament of full initiation into the Church |
| Constantine | – 4th century Roman Emperor, Christian convert |
| Conversion | – forming an affiliation to a religion; many sects proselytize in hopes of gaining converts |
| Creed | – a denomination's doctrinal system |
| Crucifix | – model of Jesus on a cross |
| Crusades | – 1095-1291 wars launched by the popes in order to re-capture Palestine from Muslims |
| Disciple | – one of the twelve apostles selected by Jesus in Galilee, also the name of an American Protestant sect |
| Easter | – Christian spring holiday celebrating the last days of Jesus, his crucifixion, and resurrection; many Teutonic and Celtic symbols (e.g., eggs, rabbits) have come in to this holiday |
| Episcopalian | – what Church of England is called in the U.S.; similar to Catholics in ritual; priests can marry |
| Epistles | – books of the New Testament which are letters by the apostles (e.g., Paul, Peter, Jude, James) |
| Eucharist | – see Communion; Christian ritual partaking of bread and wine in remembrance of Christ |
| Evangelist | – a preacher, especially a revivalist or missionary; also a term for the gospel authors Mark, Matthew, Luke, John |
| Excommunication | – when someone is kicked out of a denomination or order |
| Gentile | – Jewish and Christian term for people who are not of Jewish origin |
| Gnosticism | – 1st century movement emphasizing secret knowledge about dualism of matter/spirit; foundation of many heresies |
| Gospel | – one of the first four books of the New Testament; the "good news" about Jesus and salvation |
| Heaven | – state of spiritual bliss in the afterlife, dwelling place of God and angels (e.g., Islam, Christianity) |
| Henry VIII | – 1491-1547 English king who declared himself head of the Church in order to get a divorce |
| Heresy | – a statement not in accord with a church's doctrine is declared a heresy by that church |
| Holy Communion | – see Communion and Eucharist; – Christian ritual partaking of bread and wine in remembrance of Christ; |
| Holy Spirit | – third person of Trinity; indwelling spirit of God in Christians, also known as Holy Ghost |
| Immaculate Conception | – The doctrine that Jesus was conceived in his mother's womb without original sin |
| Indulgences | – medieval Catholic practice of letting people give money to the Church to escape (or lessen time in) purgatory |
| Infallibility | – Vatican Council of 1870 declared "The Pope speaking ex-cathedra on doctrine or morals is infallible" |
| Inquisition | – Catholic persecution of heretics and witches, starting in 12th century |
| Jesuit | – Catholic order of priests founded by Ignatius Loyola in 16th century, the Society of Jesus |
| Jesus | – 1st century Galilean worshipped as Son of God by Christians; accepted as prophet by Muslims; life described in New Testament |
| John Calvin | – 1509-1564 Protestant reformer; preached predestination; influenced Reformed Churches, Puritans |
| John the Baptist | – 1st century Jewish prophet; foretold the coming Messiah; baptized Jesus, executed by Herod |
| Lent | – ascetic period from Ash Wednesday until Easter |
| Lord's Supper | – see Communion, Eucharist and Holy Communion |
| Mary | – mother of Jesus, Catholics give her special veneration |
| Mass | – Church service culminating in Eucharist (Catholic) |
| Messiah | – expected Jewish savior king; Christians accept Jesus as the Messiah |
| New Testament | – part of the Bible describing Jesus and Apostles; it is composed of the four gospels, the Book of Acts, and many epistles by Paul, Peter, John, James, Jude |
| Nun | – pious, celibate female monastic |
| Old Testament | – part of Bible written before Jesus, including the Jewish Torah, and writings of the Hebrew and Israelite prophets |
| Ordination | – sacrament of initiation into the Catholic priesthood |
| Origen | – 185-255 Christian mystic, incorporated Neoplatonism |
| Original sin | – when Adam sinned, the entire human race fell from grace |
| Papal | – pertaining to the pope |
| Passion | – suffering of Jesus on the cross |
| Pastor | – title given to Christian clergy, especially head of a local church |
| Paul | – 1st century Christian convert Apostle; wrote many of the New Testament epistles |
| Penance | – ritual punishment in order to expiate sin |
| Peter | – Galilean fisherman disciple of Jesus; became apostle and first pope |
| Pope | – Bishop of Rome, head of Catholic Church; may issue ex-cathedra, infallible statements |
| Predestination | – doctrine that God has already determined who will be saved, before they are born (Calvin) |
| Presbyterianism | – Protestant denomination growing out of Puritans; emphasizes governance by councils over local churches; influenced by Calvinist doctrine |
| Protestant | – Christian denominations growing out of Europe's Reformation of the 16th century |
| Purgatory | – afterlife in which sins are expiated, prior to resurrection or entrance into heaven (Catholic doctrine) |
| Roman Catholic | – formal name of Catholic Church, which is centered in Rome, Holy Roman Catholic Apostolic Church |
| Sacrament | – rituals, especially those of Catholic Church |
| Saint | – honorific title given to persons who led exemplary lives, and as angels can intercede for people (Catholic); Paul used the term to describe early Christians in general |
| Salvation | – a promise of liberation from the human problem; heaven, resurrection or a new world order on this planet |
| Schism | – split between segments of a church, Great Schism occurred in 1054 between Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox |
| Sin | – falling out of relationship with the deity, specific acts which offend the deity |
| Synoptic gospels | – New Testament books of Mark, Matthew, Luke; record the life and ministry of Jesus |
| Transubstantiation | – Roman Catholic doctrine that the bread and wine of the Eucharist become body and blood of Christ |
| Vulgate | – Roman Catholic, Latin version of Bible completed 400 C.E |
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