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Unit 5 AP Human Geo
Political Geography
| Words | Definitions |
|---|---|
| Antecedent boundaries | a boundary line established before an area is populated |
| centrifugal forces | forces that tend to divide a country |
| centripetal forces | forces that tend to unite or bin a country together |
| commonwealth of independent states | confederacy of independent states of the former Soviet Union that have united because of their common economic and administrative needs |
| compact stat | a state that possesses a roughly circular, oval, or rectangle territory in which the distance from the geometric center is relatively equal in all directions |
| domino theory | the idea that political destabilization in one country can lead to collapse of political stability in neighboring countries, starting a chain reaction of collapse |
| east/west divide | geographic separation between the largely democratic and free-market countries of Western Europe and the Americas from the communist and socialist countries of Eastern Europe and Asia |
| electoral college | a certain number of electors from each state proportional to the seemingly representative of that state's population. Each elector chooses a candidate believing they are representing their constituency's choice. The candidate who has a the most vote wins |
| electoral vote | the decision of a particular state elector that represents the dominant views of that elector's state |
| elongated state | a state whose territory is long and narrow shape |
| European Union | international organization comprised of Western European countries to promote free trade among members |
| Exclave | a bounded territory that is part of a particular state but is separated from it by the territory of a different state |
| federalism | a system of government in which power is disturbed among certain geographical territories rather than concentrated within a central government |
| fragmented state | a state that is not a contiguous whole but rather separated parts |
| frontier | a area where borders are shifting and weak and where peoples of different cultures or nationalities meet and lay claim to the land |
| geometric boundary | political boundaries that are defined and delimited by straight lines |
| geopolitics | the study of the interplay between political relations and the territorial context in which they occur |
| Gerrymandering | the designation of voting districts so as to favor a particular political party or candidate |
| Hearthland theory | hypothesis proposed by Halford Mackinder that held that any political power based in the hearth of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world |
| imperialism | the perpetuation of a colonial empire even after it is no longer politically sovereign |
| international organization | an alliance of two or more countries seeking cooperation with each other with out giving up either's autonomy or self-determination |
| landlocked state | a state that is completely surrounded by the land of other states, which gives it a a disadvantage in terms of accessibility to and from international trade routes |
| law of the sea | law establishing states' rights and responsibilities concerning the ownership and land use of the earth's seas and oceans and their resources |
| lebensraum | Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people |
| Microstate | a state or territory that is small in both population and area |
| nation | tightly knit group of individuals sharing a common language, ethnicity, religion, and other cultural attributes |
| nationalism | a sense of national pride to such an extent of exalting one nation above all others |
| Nation-state | a country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity |
| North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) | agreement signed January 1, 1994, that allows the opening of borders between the United States, Mexico, and Canada |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | an international organization that has joined together together for military purposes |
| north/south divide | the economic division between wealthy countries of Europe and North America, Japan, and Australia and generally poorer countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin American |
| organic theory | the view that states resemble biological organisms with life cycles that include stages of youth, maturity, and old age |
| Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) | an international economic organization whose member countries all produce and export oil |
| perforated state | a state whose territory completely surrounds that of another state |
| physical boundary | political boundaries that correspond with prominent physical features such as mountains ranges or rivers |
| political geography | the spatial analysis of political phenomena and processes |
| popular vote | the tally of each individual's vote within a given geographic area |
| prorupte state | a state that exhibits a narrow elongated land extension leading away from the main territory |
| reapportionment | the process of a reallocation of electoral states defined territories |
| rectangular state | a state whose territory is rectangular in shape |
| redistricting | the drawing of a new electoral district boundary lines in response to population changes |
| Rimland theory | Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the costal fringes of Eurasia would provide the base for the world conquest |
| self-determination | the right of a nation to govern itself autonomously |
| State | a politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and is recognized by the international community |
| States' rights | rights and powers believed to be in the authority of the state rather than the federal government |
| subsequent boundaries | boundary line established after and area has been settled that considers the social and cultural characteristics of the area |
| supranational organization | organization of three more states to promote shared objectives |
| territorial dispute | any dispute over land ownerships |
| territorial organization | political organization that distributes political power in more easily governed units of land |
| theocracy | a state whose government is either believed to be divinely guided or a state under the control of a group religious leaders |
| United Nations (UN) | a global supranational organization established at the end of World War II to foster international security and cooperation |
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