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Chapter 10
study
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Heart | muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum (breast bone) and between the lungs. |
| Atrioventricular Valves | consist of the tricuspid and mitral valves, which lie between the right atrium and the right ventricle and the left atrium and left ventricle, respectively. |
| semilunar valves | pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta, respectively. |
| pericardium | two-layer sac surrounding the heart, consisting of an external fibrous and an internal serous layer. The serous layer secretes a fluid that facilitates movement of the heart. |
| Three Layers of the Heart | epicardium, myocardium, endocardium |
| epicardium | covers the heart |
| myocardium | middle, thick, muscular layer |
| endocardium | inner lining of the heart |
| blood vessels | tubelike structures that carry blood away from the heart. |
| arteries | blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. |
| pulmonary artery | carries carbon dioxide and other waste products from the heart to the lungs. |
| arterioles | smallest arteries |
| aorta | largest artery in the body, originating at the left ventricle and descending through the thorax and abdomen. |
| veins | blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. |
| Pulmonary veins | carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste products. Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. |
| venules | smallest veins |
| venae cavae | largest veins in the body. |
| inferior vena cava | carries blood to the heart from body parts below the diaphragm. |
| Superior vena cava | returns the blood to the heart from the upper part of the body. |
| capillaries | microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules. |
| Blood | composed of plasma and formed elements, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes. |
| plasma | clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended. Plasma is approximately 90% water and comprises approximately 55% of the total blood volume. |
| erythrocytes | red blood cells that carry oxygen. Erythrocytes develop in bone marrow. |
| leukocytes | white blood cells that combat infection and respond to inflammation. There are five types of white blood cells. |
| platelets (thrombocytes) | one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process. |
| serum | clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed. |
| lymph | transparent, colorless, tissue fluid that, on entering the lymphatic system, is called lymph. It contains Lymphocytes and monocytes that flows in a one-way direction to the heart. Lymph is similar to blood plasma. |
| lymphatic vessels | similar to veins, lymphatic vessels transport lymph from body tissues to the chest, where it enters the cardiovascular system. |
| lymph nodes | small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue. |
| Spleen | located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm. |
| thymus gland | one of the primary lymphatic organs, it is located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs. |
| angi/o | vessel (usually refers to blood vessels) |
| aort/o | aorta |
| arteri/o | artery |
| atri/o | atrium |
| cardi/o | heart |
| lymph/o | lymph, lymph tissue |
| lymphaden/o | lymph node |
| myel/o | bone marrow |
| phleb/o, ven/o | vein |
| plasm/o | plasma |
| splen/o | spleen |
| thym/o | thymus gland |
| valv/o, valvul/o | valve |
| ventricul/o | ventricle |
| ather/o | yellowish, fatty plaque |
| ech/o | sound |
| electr/o | electricity, electrical activity |
| isch/o | deficiency, blockage |
| therm/o | heat |
| thromb/o | clot |
| brady- | slow |
| -ac | pertaining to |
| -apheresis | removal |
| -graph | instrument used to record; record |
| -penia | abnormal reduction in number |
| -poiesis | formation |
| -sclerosis | hardening |
| angioma | tumor composed of blood vessels |
| angiostenosis | narrowing of a blood vessel |
| aortic stenosis | narrowing, pertaining to aorta |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries |
| atherosclerosis | hardening of fatty plaque |
| bradycardia | condition of a slow heart (rate less than 60 beats per minute) |
| cardiomegaly | enlargement of the heart |
| cardiomyopathy | disease of the heart muscle |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the inner (lining) of the heart (particularly heart valves) |
| ischemia | deficiency of blood (flow) |
| myocarditis | inflammation of the muscle of the heart |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart |
| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein |
| polyarteritis | inflammation of many (sites in the) arteries |
| tachycardia | condition of a rapid heart (rate of more than 100 beats per min) |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of a vein associated with a clot |
| valvulitis | inflammation of a valve (of the heart) |
| hematoma | tumor of blood (collection of blood resulting from a broken blood vessel) |
| multiple myeloma | tumors of the bone marrow |
| pancytopenia | abnormal reduction of all (blood) cells |
| thrombosis | abnormal condition of a (blood) clot |
| thrombus | (blood) clot (attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein) |
| lymphadenitis | inflammation of the lymph nodes |
| lymphadenopathy | disease of the lymph nodes (characterized by abnormal enlargement of the lymph nodes associated with an infection of malignancy) |
| lymphoma | tumor of lymphatic tissue (malignant) |
| splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen |
| thymoma | tumor of the thymus gland |
| acute coronary syndrome (ACS) | sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction |
| aneurysm | ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall |
| angina pectoris | chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle. |
| arrhythmia | any disturbance or abnormality in the heart's normal rhythmic pattern. |
| atrial fibrillation (AFib) | a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria. |
| cardiac arrest | sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) |
| cardiac tamponade | acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity. |
| coarctation of the aorta | congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta. |
| congenital heart disease | heart abnormality present at birth |
| congestive heart failure | inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen. |
| coronary artery disease | a condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium, denying the myocardial tissue of sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function fully |
| coronary occlusion | obstruction of an artery of the heart, usually from atherosclerosis. |
| deep vein thrombosis | condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body. |
Created by:
rorossonera
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