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Anthropology 1 Ch.1
Ch. 1
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Anthropology | Study of Humans |
Physical Anthropology | studies humans as biological species |
What research is physical anthropology mainly focused on | human evolution & modern human variation |
fossils | fragmentary remains of bones and other living material preserved often in sediment |
physical anthropology is closely related to what other science | Natural Science |
paleoanthropology | the study of human evolution through analysis of fossils |
primatology | study of primates |
primates | animals that belong |
anthrogologist | study humans by physical characteristics |
osteology | anthropological study of human skeleton |
archaeology | examines the material traces of past societies |
artifacts | material products from former socities |
middens | ancient trash piles |
prehistoric archaeologist | study of artifacts of ancient inhabitants and first humans |
historical archaeologist | work with historians in investigating the artifacts of the more recent past |
classical archaeologist | research on ancient civilizations (egypt, greece, rome) |
ethnoarchaeology | study of material artifacts of the past along with observation of modern people |
linguistic anthropology | the study of the relationship between language and culture |
linguistics | the study of language |
structural linguistics | how language works |
sociolinguistics | connection between language and social behavior |
historical linguistics | concentrates on the comparison of different languages and compares them to others |
cultural anthropology (ethnology) | studies various societies in the world |
participant observation | research strategy in conducting field work in diffeent settings |
ethnography | results of field work |
ethnographic data | reports on enviormental settings, economic patters, social organization, political systems and religious ritual beliefs |
ethologist | anthropology that focus on cross cultural aspects of various ethnographics |
applied anthropology | use of anthropological data from other subfields to address modern problems |
holistic anthropology | a broad comprehansive account that draws on all four subfields |
global persective | allows anthropologist to consider biological, enviornmental, economical, phycilogical, historical, social and cultural conditions of humans at all times |
ethnocentrism | judging other socities against ones own society |
scientific method | a system of logic used to evaluate data derived from systematic observations |
inductive method | scientist make observations and collect data |
variable | any piece of data that changes from case to case |
hypothesis | a testable position regarding sets of variables |
theories | statments that explain hypothesies and observations |
deductive method | scientist begin with a general theory and gather a hypothesis |
ethnopoetics | study of poetry and how it relates to experiences of people in different societies |
ethnomusicology | study of musical traditions in various socieites |