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History Ch2 Sec2 (6)
Egypt's Old Kingdon
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When did Egypt's Old Kingdom begin and how long did it last? | It began around 2600 B.C. and lasted about 300 years. |
| Who guided all activity and had to be obeyed without question? | The Egyptian Pharoahs. |
| The Egyptian people believed the pharaoh was the son of who? | Re (Ray), the Egyptian sun god (Egypt's main god). |
| The Egyptians worshiped many gods and goddesses and they believed that these deities controlled what? | Nature and human activity. |
| The Egyptians believed in a hopeful life after death (life in the next world would be even better than life on earth). How did they believe it could be attained? | Through living a good life and pleasing the gods. |
| At first, who did the Egyptions believe could enjoy the afterlife? | Only the pharaohs and an elite few. |
| What is embalming and what was its purpose? | A process for preserving bodies developed by the Egyptians to prepare the pharoah's body for his journey to the afterlife. |
| What did the Egyptians learn from developing the process of embalming? | They learned much about the human body and became skilled at using herbs and drugs to treat different illnesses. They also grew skilled at sewing up cuts and setting broken bones. |
| What is a pyramid? | Special giant tombs (the size of several city blocks) built for the pharaohs. |
| What advancements were made in mathematics in order to build the pyramids? | In order to make the calculations necessary for building these huge structures, the Egyptians invented a system of written numbers based on 10. They also created fractions, using them with whole numbers to add, subtract, & divide. |
| What is the name of the largest pyramid, when was it built, and where is it located? | The Great Pyramid was built in 2540 B.C. and is located in Giza,about 10 miles from the modern city of Cairo. |
| Who the the Great Pyramid built for and how big is it? | It was build for King Khufu and stands nearly 500 ft. tall. It covers an area about the size of 9 football fields. It contains more than 2 million blocks each weighing an average of 2.5 tons. It is about the size of a 48 story building. |
| What is a deity? | A god or goddess |
| What is a mummy? | A dead body wrapped with strips of linen. |
| How was Egypt ruled? | By pharaohs, the Egyptian kings. |
| Why did pharoahs have so much power? | The Egyptians: 1)believed the unity of the kingdom depended on a strong leader. 2) considered him to be the son of Re (Ray),the Egyptian sun god. 3)thought he was a god on earth who controlled Egypt's welfare. |
| What does the word pharaoh mean and why was it used for Egypt's rulers? | It originally meant "great house" and it was used for the Egypt's rulers because they lived in grand palaces. |
| What were 2 of the rituals the pharaohs carried out that were thought to benefit the kingdom? | 1)Drove a sacred bull around Memphis, the capital city - they believed this would keep the soil rich and ensure good crops. 2)pharaoh was the 1st to cut the ripe grain - they believed this would bring a good harvest. |
| What did pharaoh's appointed officials do? | 1)saw to it that irrigation canals were built and repaired, 2)saw to it that grain storehouses were built and repaired, 3)made sure crops were planted as the pharaoh wanted, 4)controlled trade, and 5)collected tax payments of grain from farmers. |
| Who was the most important goddess? | Isis - represented the loyal wife and mother and ruled over the dead with her husband Osiris. |
| What did the Egyptians believe would happen after death? | After a long journey, the dead would reach a place of peace and plenty. |
| What was the "Book of the Dead"? | One of the most important books written in ancient Egypt, it was a collection of spells and prayers that they studied to obtain life after death. |
| Why was the "Book of the Dead" important? | The Egyptians believed that the god Osiris would meet newcomers at the entrance to the next world. If they had led good lives and knew the magic spells from the "Book of the Dead", Osiris would grant them life after death. |
| What did the Egyptians believe would happen if the pharaoh's body decayed after death? | His spirit would wander forever because he didn't have a body to reach the next world. |
| Why was it so important for the pharaoh's spirit to reach the next world? | Because there, the pharaoh would continue to care for Egypt. |
| How was embalming done? (part 1) | 1)priests removed the body's organs 2)a special salt, natron, was applied to the body and it was stored for a number of days to dry 3) the body was filled with spices and perfumes, then stitched closed |
| How was embalming done? (part 2) | 4)the body was cleaned with oils and tightly wrapped with long strips of linen (mummy) |
| What was done with the body after embalming was completed? | It was put in several wooden coffins, one fitting inside the other. Then is was buried in the tomb (pyramid). |
| What are two "firsts" about Egyptian doctors? | Some of the doctors focused on treating particular parts of the body, becoming the first specialists in medicine. They also wrote the world's first medical books on scrolls of papyrus. |
| How long have the pyramids been standing? | About 4,000 years. |
| What was the purpose of burying the pharaohs in tombs (pyramids)? | They protected the bodies of dead pharaohs from floods, wild animals, and grave robbers. They also held supplies that the pharaoh might need in the spirit world, including clothing, furniture, jewelry, and food. |
| Who helped build a pyramid? | Most of the work was done by farmers during the Nile floods when they could not work in their fields. Also, surveyors, engineers, carpenters, and stonecutters lent their skills. |
| In addition to mathematics, what is another advancement made because of building the pyramids? | Each pyramid sat on a square base, with the entrance facing north. To detemine true north, they studied the heavens and developed the principles of astronomy. |
| What was invented based on the knowledge of astronomy? | A 365-day calendar with 12 months grouped into 3 seasons. This calendar became the basis for our modern calendar. |
| How was a pyramid built? (part 1) | 1)choose site 2)find stone-it was sometimes hundreds of miles away 3)skilled artisans used copper tools to cut the stone into huge blocks 3)workers tied the huge blocks to wooden sleds and pulled them to the Nile over a path "paved" with logs |
| How was a pyramid built? (part 2) | 4)they loaded the stones onto barges that were floated to the building site 5)workers unloaded the blocks and dragged or pushed them up ramps to be set in place. |
| How did the Egyptians' religious beliefs compare to those of the Mesopotamians? | They both worshiped many deities (gods and goddesses). They both believed these deities controlled the forces of nature and human activities. |
| Compare the Egyptians' view of the after-life with those of the Mesopotamians? | They both believed in an after-life, but the Mesoptamians imagined a gloomy life after death while the Egyptians had a more hopeful view. They believed that life in the next world would be even better than life on Earth. |
| What is a cartouche? | The carved lines around the written names of Egyptian kings. |
Created by:
slheard
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