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WHAPCh10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Homer | claimed author of the Illiad and the Odyssey; unknown who actually wrote them; these epics greatly influenced history |
| Minoan Society | sophisticated; island of Crete; King Minos; Script Linear A used to detail records of economic and commercial matter; ships sailed to Greece, Anatolia, Phoenicia, Egypt; series of natural disasters; rebuilt bigger and better; wealth attracted invaders |
| Knossos | location of enormous complex of lavish palaces; frescoes of Minoans at work and play; nerve centers; residence for rulers; tax collection center |
| Linear A | script devised by Minoan palace officials; written symbols stood for syllables rather than words, ideas, vowels, or consonants; not yet decipherable; ; used to keep detailed records of economic and commercial matters |
| Mycenaean Society | learned from Minoans; built large stone fortress- Peloponnesus; agricultural communities; overpowered Minoans; settlements in Anatolia, Sicily, Southern Italy; engaged in Trojan War with Troy in Anatolia; invasion and civil disturbances; ended |
| Linear B | Adaptation of Linear A by the Mycenaen society; early form of greek; syllabic script; thousands of clay tablets with this on them from Crete and peninsular Greece |
| Polis/ Poleis | city-states; originally a citadel offering refuge for local communities during times of war; pop grew; principle centers of Gree society; some small monarchies, most under rule of notables who were oligarchs; some controlled by Persians; Sparta and Athens |
| Sparta | fertile region of Peloponnesus; neighboring peopls=helots, servants who could form families but not leave the land; lifestyle of simplicity, frugality, and austerity; boys at 7 militarily trained by 20; military state that could crush any threat |
| Athens | operated on an early form of democracy; only free adult males could play a part-then all male citizens; social tensions arose with land holdings with slaves (Han); decades of civil war; |
| Trojan War | conflict between Troy in Anatolia and Mycenaean society; Iliad; coincided with invasions of foreign mariners; caused chaos in Greece; became more democratic under Solon's ideas; |
| Solon | aristocrat who was a mediator between aristocrats and peasant classes; let aristocrats keep their land, but eliminated debts and debt slavery; allowed peasants to participate in gov; |
| Pericles | leader at the high tide of Athenian power; aristocrat; created gov jobs for hundreds of common class ppl; supported building projects that provided jobs; Athens became the most sophisticated polis under his leadership; |
| Persian Wars | Long struggle between Greek poleis and Persians; Greek rebellion repressed by Darius; Athenians beat Persians in the battle of Marathon; Xerxes successfully destroyed Athens, Greeks eventually won and survivors retreated to Anatolia; went on for 100 years |
| Delian League | alliance among the Greek poleis to discourage further Persian actions in Greece; Athens was the leader, supplying military force, everyone else-financial support; other poleis resented making contributions to Athens |
| Peloponnesian War | conflict between poleis of Athens and Sparta; Spartans forced Athenians to surrender after many back and forths; jealousy of Spartans passed leadership through Thebes, Corinth, etc; Athens harsh with those who didnt support them, losing their rep |
| Macedon | frontier state north of Greece; cultivators, sheepherders; had a king, but semiautonomous clans controlled politics; traded with Greek poleis; |
| Philip of Macedon | built a powerful military machine that boosted him to rulership; wanted to conquer greece and the persian empire; took control of Greece by 338; died by assassination and had to leave it to his son, Alexander, to conquer Persi |
| Alexander of Macedon | strategist, inspired leader, inherited a good army; subjected Ionia, Anatolia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and Mesopotamia, to his control; took over Persepolis, became Persian emperor; planned to conquer India, but died; conqueror but not administrator |
| Hellenistic Age | age of Alexander and his successors; greek traditions expanded beyond greece; trade was facilitated; beliefs, values, and religions spread over greater distances than ever before |
| Antigonid Empire | smallest Helenistic empire; Greece and Macedon; struggle between remaining poleis and Antigonid rulers, resolved by tax relief, and offers for local autonomy; Athens and Corinth flourished b/c of trade; sent people to Seleucid empire |
| Ptolemaic Empire | wealthiest Helenistic empire; leaders allowed Egypt to continue on, organizing agriculture, industry, and tax collection; established monopolies over profitable industries; wealth to capital Alexandria-admin headquarters, trade center, megalopolis |
| Alexandria became the ______________. | cultural capital of Hellenistic world |
| The Seleucid Empire | greatest extent of Greek influence; former Persian empire; had foreign citizens join the former Persian societies |
| Ai Kanum | Hellenistic colony Oxus river in Bactria; founded by AoM or Seleucus; integral part of seleucid empire, constant commun with Greece and Med world; separate kingdom from Bactria creeated; Greek language, fashion, art, style, gods; also Persian+ asian gods |
| King Menander | ruled in Bactria and converted to Buddhism; |
| Olympic Games | Polis of Olympia; games of skill, speed, and strength that united the greek poleis; Each polis sent their best athletes; winners received olive wreaths and fame in their polis; every 4 years; sense of collective identity among the Greek poleis |
| Sappho | poet who earned a rep for literary talent; composed 9 volumes of poetry;invited women to her home to teach them; homosexual-tolerated among men but not women; fell under a cloud of suspicion |
| Socrates | Athenian who focused his philisophical attention on human affairs; posed questions about human issues, ethics, morality; questioned traditionally ethical teachings- got him in trouble, condmned to death |
| Plato | Socrates' most zealous disciple; represented his master's views in writing; dialogue Republic-ideal state that reflected his views was sketched; philosophers should rule as kings; promoted intellectual aristocracy |
| Forms or Ideas | Center of Plato's thought; struggled w/ idea that dif things have dif meanings in dif situtations; belief that the world was not only the world of reality, but an imperf reflection of the world of F or I; secrets of world avaiable only to philosophers |
| Aristotle | disciple of plato, but came to distrust theory of Forms or Ideas; philosophers could rely on senses to provide accurate info about world, and reason to solve mysteries; Works on science, psychology, politics, ethics, lit; "the master of those who know" |
| Cult of Dionysus | frenzied group of Dyonisian followers who celebrated during the time of the year when the vines produced their fruit; very disorderly; became more tame later on with simple celebrations in poleis instead of the mountains |
| Euripides | dramatist who wrote the play The Bacche depicting an unruly celebration of the Cult of Dyonisus; explored the limitation of human action |
| Aristophanes | comic dramatist who dealt with seroius issues of human striving and responsible behavior; mocked political figures; |
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AlanaR
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