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Stack #1326931
Midterm exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| achalasia | partial paralysis of the distal esophagus making food difficult to swallow |
| adenocarcinoma | malignant cancer of glands |
| adhesions | band-like scar tissue from previous abdominal surgeries |
| AGE | acute gastroenteritis (stomach flu) |
| Ampulla of Vater | duct that connects the gallbladder to the duodenum |
| amylase | digestive enzymes that break down starch (carbohydrates) |
| ankyloglossia | the term for "tongue-tied" |
| anorexia | loss of appetite |
| ascites | excessive fluid accumulation in the abdominal due to liver dysfunction |
| bolus | the amount of food that can be easily swallowed |
| borborygmus | loud, grumbling sounds from the GI tract |
| cecum | first part of the large intestines where the appendix is attached |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder |
| cholelithiasis | gallbladder stones |
| chyme | soupy, liquified substance as result of the beginning of digestion in the stomach |
| Crohn's | chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects segments and full-thickness of the intestines |
| defecation | indigestable waste products passed through the anus |
| deglutition | the process of swallowing |
| digestion | the process of chemically breaking down food small enough to enter body cells for nutrition |
| dyspepsia | a medical term for "heart burn" |
| dysphagia | difficulty swallowing |
| esophageal varicies | varicose veins in the esophagus related to alcoholic cirrhosis |
| frenulum | tissue that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth |
| gastroparesis | nerve damage around the stomach causing a delay of food leaving the stomach (DIABETICS) |
| GERD | chronic reflux of the stomach contents into the esophagus and mouth |
| H. pylori | a bacteria that is the most common cause of peptic ulcers |
| hard palate | bony partition that makes up the anterior portion of the roof of the mouth |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| hematochezia | bright red blood in and around the stools; often indicating local, recent rectal bleeding |
| hemolysis | breaking down of red blood cells |
| hepatic flexure | the bend in the colon at the right upper quadrant |
| hiatal hernia | part of the stomach slides past the diaphragm into the chest cavity |
| ileus | a part or complete paralysis of the intestines that may or may not cause an obstruction |
| ingestion | the process of taking food and fluids into the body |
| intussusception | abnormal telescoping of the intestines due to a paralysis of a segment of the intestine |
| irritable bowel disease | spastic colon that commonly affects young women causing alternating pain, diarrhea, and constipation |
| jaundice | yellowish tinge of the skin and eyes due to elevated bilirubin |
| LES | sphincter that is located at the base of the esophagus that allows food to enter the stomach |
| lipase | digestive enzymes that works bile and breaks down fat |
| lumen | the opening or inside diameter of the intestine |
| mastication | the process of mechanically breaking down food products |
| melena | black, tarry stool often indicating chronic bleeding from the stomach |
| omentum | layers of adipose that drapes the colon |
| parotid gland | salivary gland located in front and below the ears |
| peristalsis | the active movement of food through the GI tract |
| peritoneal cavity | the space in which the digestive organs are located |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneal lining |
| pernicious anemia | lack of intrinsic factor and B12 deficiency due to inadequate parietal cells |
| ptyalism | a condition involving the salivary glands |
| pyloric | sphincter that controls substances exiting the stomach |
| septicemia | bacterial infection that has infiltrated into the bloodstream |
| sigmoid | the area of the colon where the majority of colon cancers develops |
| soft palate | muscular partition that make up the posterior portion of the roof of the mouth |
| Sphincter of Oddi | opening between the pancreas and small intestines (duodenum) |
| splenic flexure | the bend in the colon at the left upper quadrant |
| submandibular gland | salivary gland located under the jaw bone |
| ulcerative colitis | chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects continuous areas of the intestines, but not full-thickness ulcerations |
| uvula | tissue that hangs from the roof of the mouth that helps prevent food from entering the nasal cavity |
| vagus nerve | part of the nervous system that helps control the digestive system |
| volvulus | abnormal twisting of the bowel that can cause a complete obstruction |
Created by:
Frannkie
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