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APHG StClair
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absolute distance | exact measurement of the physical space between 2 places. |
| toponym | the name given to a place on earth |
| site | the physical character of a place |
| situation | the location of a place relative to other places. |
| meridian | an arc drawn between the north and south poles. |
| prime meridian | 0 degrees longitude |
| parallel | a circle drawn around the globe to the equator and at right angles to the meridians |
| international date line | 180 degrees longitude |
| cultural landscape | a combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation. |
| regional studies approach | geographers argued that each region had its own distinctive landscape that results from a unique combination of social relationships and physical processes. |
| formal region | aka uniform region, or homogeneous region is an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics. |
| functional region | aka a nodal region, is an area organized around a node or focal point. |
| vernacular region | aka perceptual region is a place that people believe exisrs as part of their cultural identity, |
| mental map | an internal representation of a portion of earths surface |
| environmental determinism | the view that human geographers should apply laws from the natural sciences to understanding relationships between the physical environment and human actions. |
| cultural ecology | the geographic study of human-environment relationships. |
| possibilism | the physical environment may limit some human acrions but people jave the ability to adjust to their lives. |
| globalization | a force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope. |
| transnational corporation | leaders of the globalization of the economy. |
| density | the frequency with which something occurs in space. |
| arithmetic density | the total number of objects in an area. commonly used to compare the distribution of population in different countries. |
| physical density | the number of persons per unit of area suitable for agriculture. may mean that a country has difficulty growing enough food to sustain its population. |
| agricultural density | the number of farmers per unit area of farmland. may mean that a country has inefficient agriculture. |
| pattern | the geometric arrangement of objects in space. |
| distance decay | the farther away two groups are from each other, the less likely they are to interact. |
| diffusion | the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time. |
| hearth | the place from which an innovation originates |
| relocation diffusion | the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another |
| expansion diffusion | the spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process. may result from one of the three processes of diffusion |
| hierarchiacal diffusion | the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places. |
| contagious diffusion | the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population. |
| stimulus diffusion | the spread of an inderlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse. |
| uneven development | the increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from the globalization of the economy. |
| eratosthenes | created a remarkably accurate computation of earths circumference, whicg he based on the suns angle at te summer solstice.created the word geography. |
| cartography | the art and science of map making |