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History Ch2 Sec1 (6)
The Nile Valley
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where did the Egyptian civilization begin? | In the fertile Nile River valley where natural barriers discouraged invasions. |
| What things did the Egyptians rely on the Nile River for? | They used the water for drinking, bathing, and for farming, cooking, and cleaning. The river also provided fish and supported plants and animals. |
| How long is the Nile River? | 4,000 miles |
| The Nile River begins as what two rivers? | The Blue Nile which has its source in the mountains of eastern Africa. The White Nile which starts in marshes in central Africa. The two rivers meet and form the Nile just south of Egypt |
| What body of water does the Nile River empty into? | Mediterranean Sea |
| Is the Nile Delta in Upper or Lower Egypt? | Lower Egypt |
| What body of water borders Egypt to the east? | The Red Sea |
| How did the Nile River protect the early Egyptians? | To the far south, the Nile's dangerous cataracts blocked enemy boats from reaching Egypt. In the north, the delta marshes offered no harbors for invaders approaching from the sea. |
| What desert is to the west of the Nile River? | The Western Desert which is part of the Sahara Desert. |
| What city in Northern Egypt did Narmer rule from? | Memphis, a city he built on the border between Upper and Lower Egypt. |
| The capital of Egypt today is? | Cairo |
| How did the desert protect the early Egyptians? | Because of their burning heat, they kept outside armies away form Egypt's territory. |
| What is the most fertile area along the Nile River? | The Nile Delta |
| How did the Nile River flooding help the Egyptians? | They depended on it to grow their crops. |
| When did the Nile River flooding occur? | From July to October |
| What happened when the flooding was over and the water went down? | They left behind a layer of dark, fertile mud. |
| Because of the deposits left behind by the flooding, what did the Egyptians call their land and what does it mean? | "Kemet" which means "the Black Land" |
| How did the Egyptians use the Nile? | They took advantage of the floods to become successful farmers. They planted wheat, barley, and flax seeds. They also used it for irrigation (a system for carrying water from the Nile to fields beyond its reach). |
| What were hieroglyphics? | A system of writing made up of thousands of picture symbols developed by the ancient Egyptians. Some symbols stood for objects and ideas. Later they created symbols that stood for sounds, just as the letters of our alphabet do. |
| What is papyrus? | A reed plant that grew along the Nile used to make baskets, sandals, and river rafts. Later, they used it for papermaking. |
| Who were scribes and what did they do? | Egyptian men who studied reading and writing. They kept records and worked for the rulers, priests, and traders. They also carved hieroglyphics onto stone walls and monuments. |
| How did the Egyptians get ideas about writing and government? | From their traders who were carrying goods to Mesopotamia. |
| How did Egypt's government develop? | The earliest rulers were village chiefs. Then, a few strong chiefs united groups of villages into small kingdoms. By 4000 BC, Egypt was made of of two large kingdoms. |
| What were the names of Egypt's two large kingdoms? | In the Nile delta was Lower Egypt. To the south, upriver, lay Upper Egypt. |
| Who merged Upper and Lower Egypt into one kingdom? | Narmer, aka Menes, around 3100 BC. As king of Upper Egypt, he led his armies north and took control of Lower Egypt. To symbolize the kingdom's unity, he wore a double crown. |
| What are cataracts? | Wild rapids formed by narrow cliffs and boulders in a river. |
| What is a delta? | An area of fertile soil at the mouth of a river. |
| What is a dynasty? | A line of rulers from the same family. The rule of Narmer began Egypt's dynasties. |
| Who is Hapi? | The Egyptian god of the Nile. |
| How was Egypt's society divided? | They were divided into social groups based on wealth and power. |
| What were the different social groups in Egypt? | 1st: King and his family; 2nd: (small upper class)priests, army commanders, and nobles; 3rd: (skilled middle-class people) traders, artisans, shopkeepers, and scribes; 4th: farmers and herders; 5th: unskilled workers |
| Who made up the largest group in Egyptian society? | Farmers and unskilled workers. |
| Who was the head of the household in Egyptian homes? | The father |
| What rights did women have in Egyptian society? | They could own and pass on property, buy and sell goods, make wills, and obtain divorces. Upper-class women were in charge of temples and could perform religious ceremonies. |
| How were Egyptian children educated? | Few went to school. Mothers taught their daughters to sew, cook, and run a household. Fathers taught their sons farming or skilled trades. |
| In what 2 ways are Mesopotamia and Egypt the same? | Economy and artisans |
Created by:
slheard
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