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Microbio:Fungus

USMLE Step 1

BugPathology
Epidermophyton cutaneous fungus,form hyphae,cause dermatophytosis (ringworm;tinea),pruritic papules/vesicles,broken hair & nails, red ring w/ ctral clearing
Trichophyton cutaneous fungus,form hyphae,cause dermatophytosis (ringworm;tinea),pruritic papules/vesicles,broken hair & nails, red ring w/ ctral clearing
Microsporum cutaneous fungus,form hyphae,cause dermatophytosis (ringworm;tinea),pruritic papules/vesicles,broken hair & nails, red ring w/ ctral clearing,glows under wood's lamp
Malassezia Furfur aka Pityrosporum orbiculare or ovale cutaneous fungus,cause tinea versicolor (pityriasis versicolor)-hypopigmented areas,pruritis,+/- scaling,form hyphae
Petroellidium subcutaneous fungus,cause mycetoma-pus draining abscesses,form 'tree-shaped' sporangia
Madurella subcutaneous fungus,cause mycetoma-pus draining abscesses,form 'tree-shaped' sporangia
Sporothrix schenckii subcutaneous fungus,cause sporotrichosis-local pustules @ site of puncture wounds by plants,form 'cigar-shaped' budding yeast
Coccidioides immitis systemic fungus,cause coccidioidomycosis,soil:arthrospores inhaled,tissue:endospores,in Southwest when inhale arthrospore turn in2 endospore-disseminate 2 bone,skin & CNS=high death rate,in immunocompetent individuals cause non-disseminated Valley Fever
Histoplasma capsulatum aka histoplasmosis, note spreads to liver & spleen also heals by calcification systemic,dimorphic fungus;asx;OH & MI river valleys-inhale spores,macrophages ingulf,spores become oval 2 budding yeast,lives in soil thats rich w/ bird droppings(esp starlings),also bat guano;high risk w/ spelunking & soil excavation;sxs like pulm TB
Blastomyces dermatitidis (blastomycosis) systemic,dimorphic fungus;yeast:broad-based bud;N. America in OH,MI & St Lawrence Rivers also the Great Lakes;moist soil,rich in organic material,conidia inhaled leading to skin & bone granulomas
Cryptococcus neoformans opportunistic,monomorphic fungus;develop pseudohyphae in tissue;risk:bird droppings,eg pigeon;yeast inhaled,asx or pneumonia & if low cell immunity cause dissemination 2 CNS=meningitis,test by India Ink Stain
Candida albicans (candidiasis) opportunistic,monomorphic fungus;prod germtubes (during germination) & pseudohyphae;causes vulvovaginitis,thrush,esophagitis,intertrigo (rash of the body folds),endocarditis
Aspergillus (aspergillosis), note ABA causes asthmatic sxs + high IGE titers opportunistic,monomorphic fungus;grows in decaying veget,V-shaped septated hyphae;grow in warm 'cavities' like by TB in lung;colonize wounds,cornea & sinuses cause 'fungus balls';chronic contamination of bronchi cause 'Allergic Bronchopulm Aspergillosis'
Mucor (mucormycosis) opportunistic,monomorphic fungus:mold,non-septate hyphae w/ right-angled branches,attacks immunocompromised (esp DKA,burns or leukemia),multiply in bld vessel walls of GI,lungs & paranasal sinuses=block bld vessels lead to infarct & necrosis
Rhizopus (mucomycosis) opportunistic,monomorphic fungus:mold,non-septate hyphae w/ right-angled branches,attacks immunocompromised (esp DKA,burns or leukemia),multiply in bld vessel walls of GI,lungs & paranasal sinuses=block bld vessels lead to infarct & necrosis
Aspergillus flavus Aspergillus species that grows on grains, cereals, nuts; produces aflatoxin, a potent hepatotoxin
Cladosporium werneckii cutaneous mycoses,tinea nigra,infection of keratinized layer of skin,appears as a brownish spot
Pneumocystis carinii, now termed Pneumocystis jiroveci known as a yeast-prior was thought to be a protozoan in horses,sheep,rodents;transmitted by inhalation;asx;cause diffuse interstitial pneumonia(PCP),in AIDS pt & premies,spread 2 liver,spleen & bone marrow,100% fatal w/o tx,sudden onset fever,cough & dyspnea,bilat rales & rhonchi,tx w/ TMP-SMX or dapsone
Created by: jerrica_08
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